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昆明医科大学附属甘美医院肝胆胰外科, 云南 昆明 650000
侯宇,第一作者,研究方向:自噬激动剂对脂肪肝供肝保护研究,E-mail:18988084524@163.com
收稿日期:2024-12-10,
录用日期:2025-03-27,
纸质出版日期:2025-05-20
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侯宇,赵英鹏.自噬激活剂的作用机制与临床应用进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(03):371-383.
HOU Yu,ZHAO Yingpeng.The Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Application Progress of Autophagy Activators[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(03):371-383.
侯宇,赵英鹏.自噬激活剂的作用机制与临床应用进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(03):371-383. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0302.
HOU Yu,ZHAO Yingpeng.The Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Application Progress of Autophagy Activators[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(03):371-383. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0302.
自噬是一种高度保守的细胞自我调节机制,主要发生在哺乳动物和酵母细胞的溶酶体或液泡中,对维持生命活动及物质代谢的平衡至关重要。当细胞处于应激状态(如营养缺乏、物理化学刺激、感染、氧化应激等),或细胞质中积累了老化或受损的细胞器,自噬过程就会被激活,通过降解并循环利用受损的蛋白质和细胞器,清除潜在的有害物质,将降解产物用于能量供应和大分子的再合成,从而帮助细胞维持稳态。自噬激活剂是指能够促进细胞自清除过程的化合物或药物(如mTOR抑制剂、AMPK激动剂、SIRT1激活剂、溶酶体增强剂等),它们通过作用于自噬相关信号通路或蛋白,增强自噬活性,从而调节细胞及其代谢过程,进而对机体产生影响。随着研究的不断深入,越来越多具有促进自噬活性的小分子化合物被发现,这些小分子化合物作为自噬激活剂,在治疗恶性肿瘤、神经系统疾病、代谢性疾病等方面展现出巨大的应用潜力,部分相关药物甚至已进入临床试验阶段,并取得良好的疗效。本文通过探讨多种类型自噬激活剂的作用机制及其在疾病中的潜在应用价值,旨在为自噬激活剂在疾病中的进一步开发和应用提供参考。
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular self-regulatory mechanism, which primarily occurs in the lysosomes or vacuoles of mammalian and yeast cells and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and metabolic balance. When cells encounter stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, physical or chemical stimuli, infections, and oxidative stress, or when damaged or aging organelles accumulate in the cytoplasm, the autophagic process is activated. This process degrades and recycles damaged proteins and organelles, removes potentially harmful substances, in which the degradation products are used for energy supply and macromolecule resynthesis, thereby help maintain the cellular homeostasis. Autophagy activators are compounds or drugs that can promote the cellular self-clearance process (such as mTOR inhibitors, AMPK activators, SIRT1 activators, lysosome enhancers, etc.). They enhance autophagy activity by acting on autophagy-related signaling pathways or proteins, thereby regulating cellular and metabolic processes, and consequently exerting an impact on the organism. With the deepening of research, more and more small molecule compounds with autophagic activity have been discovered. As autophagy activators, these small molecule compounds have shown great application potential in the treatment of malignant tumors, nervous system diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. Some related drugs have even entered the clinical trial stage and achieved good efficacy. This article discusses the mechanisms of various types of autophagy activators and their potential applications in diseases, aiming to provide a reference for the further development and application of autophagy activators in diseases.
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