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1.中山大学肿瘤防治中心内科,广东 广州 510060
2.中山大学肿瘤防治中心病理科,广东 广州 510060
LING Yihong, E-mail: lingyh@sysucc.org.cn
WEI Xiaoli, E-mail: weixl@sysucc.org.cn
Received:31 January 2026,
Revised:2026-03-09,
Accepted:25 March 2026,
Online First:17 April 2026,
移动端阅览
ZHANG Kaiying, YANG Zhengjun, ZHAO Yiyang, et al. Analysis of Clinicopathological Features in 12 Cases of BRG-1/INI-1-deficient Undifferentiated Tumors of the Digestive System[J/OL]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences), 2026, 1-12.
ZHANG Kaiying, YANG Zhengjun, ZHAO Yiyang, et al. Analysis of Clinicopathological Features in 12 Cases of BRG-1/INI-1-deficient Undifferentiated Tumors of the Digestive System[J/OL]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences), 2026, 1-12. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260023.
目的
2
探讨
SMARCA4
(BRG1)与
SMARCB1
(INI-1)缺陷型消化道恶性肿瘤的临床病理学特征、分子图谱、治疗反应及预后,旨在提高对该类罕见且侵袭性强的分子亚型肿瘤的认识。
方法
2
本研究为单中心回顾性分析。纳入中山大学肿瘤防治中心2022年4月至2025年12月期间经病理确诊的9例BRG-1蛋白,3例INI-1蛋白表达缺失的消化系统恶性肿瘤病例,通过复习临床资料、组织学形态、免疫组织化学和部分病例的二代测序结果,系统总结其临床病理与分子特征,治疗策略及生存结局。
结果
2
12例患者中男性6例,女性6例,中位年龄62(44~70)岁。9例为
SMARCA4
缺失,3例为
SMARCB1
缺失。肿瘤原发于胃(5例)、结肠(3例)、胰腺(1例),另有3例原发灶不明。肿瘤组织学大多表现为未分化癌,1例表现为低分化癌,细胞呈上皮样,异型性显著。上皮标志物(如CKpan)表达常缺失或显著降低,而波形蛋白可为阳性。接受MMR状态检测的病例(9例)均保留错配修复功能(pMMR),Ki-67增殖指数高[中位数为80%(60%~90%)]。5例进行二代测序的病例中,免疫组化与基因突变一致性不佳。检测到的伴随突变包括
TP53、KRAS、NRAS
等,未见胚系突变。所有患者的中位随访时间为277(55~867) d。9/12的患者初诊时已为Ⅳ期。3例接受了治疗的初诊无转移患者中,有2例均获得了较长的无复发生存。初诊晚期患者主要接受以铂类为基础的化疗或联合方案,但预后普遍较差,总生存期较短,中位总生存期为60(45~541) d,范围为(16~867) d,个别接受化疗联合靶向及免疫治疗患者获得了较长的生存期。
结论
2
SMARCA4
/
SMARCB1
缺失型消化系统未分化肿瘤是一种高度侵袭、预后较差的独特分子亚型,多见于中老年患者,确诊依赖BRG-1/INI-1蛋白免疫组化缺失,目前治疗无标准方案,多参照原发部位腺癌的治疗经验。联合免疫及靶向治疗可能有效,需更大样本研究及前瞻性验证。
Objective
2
To investigate the clinicopathological features, molecular profile, treatment response, and prognosis of
SMARCA4
(BRG-1) and
SMARCB1
(INI-1)-deficient undifferentiated tumors of the digestive system, aiming to enhance the understanding of this rare and highly aggressive molecular s
ubtype.
Methods
2
This study is a single-center retrospective analysis. We included 9 cases of malignant digestive system tumors with loss of BRG-1 (
SMARCA4
) expression and 3 cases with loss of INI-1
(SMARCB1
) expression, all pathologically confirmed at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 2022 and December 2025. By reviewing clinical data, histological morphology, immunohistochemistry (testing for
SMARCA4
,
SMARCB1
, epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine markers, and mismatch repair proteins) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) results from 5 cases, we systematically summarized their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes.
Results
2
Among the 12 patients, 6 were male and 6 were female, with a median age of 62 (44-70) years. 9 cases exhibited
SMARCA4
deficiency, and 3 cases exhibited
SMARCB1
deficiency. Tumors originated in the stomach (5 cases), colon (3 cases), pancreas (1 case), with the primary site unknown in 3 cases. 9/12 of patients presented with stage Ⅳ disease at initial diagnosis. The histology predominantly showed undifferentiated carcinoma, with 1 case of poorly differentiated carcinoma. The tumor cells were epithelioid with significant atypia. Epithelial markers (e.g. CKpan) were often lost or markedly decreased, while vimentin could be positive. All 9 cases tested for MMR status were mismatch repair proficient (pMMR), and the Ki-67 proliferation index was high [median 80% (60%-90%)]. A discordance was observed between IHC findings and NGS results in the 5 sequenced cases. The NGS profiling revealed frequent co-occurring mutations, including
TP53, KRAS, and NRAS
, with no germline mutations identified.The median follow-up time was 277 (55-867) days. 9 of the 12 patients presented with stage Ⅳ disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Among 3 newly diagnos
ed patients without metastasis who received treatment, 2 achieved prolonged recurrence-free survival. Patients with advanced disease at initial diagnosis primarily underwent platinum-based chemotherapy or combination regimens, yet their prognosis was generally poor, with a median overall survival of 60 (45-541) days, ranging from 16 to 867 days. Notably, several patients who received chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy achieved extended survival.
Conclusion
2
SMARCA4/SMARCB1
-deficient undifferentiated tumor of the digestive system is a distinct molecular subtype characterized by high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, predominantly affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. Diagnosis relies on the immunohistochemical loss of BRG-1 or INI-1 proteins. While no standard of care currently exists, treatment often refers to regimens for adenocarcinoma of the primary site. Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy may offer potential benefits, warranting further validation in large-scale prospective studies.
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