【Objective】To observe the muscle relaxation clinical effect and the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications，and the postoperative extubation and muscle strength recovery of Rocuronium and Succinylcholine in children during airway foreign body removal operation.【Methods】80 cases of children（ASAⅠ）with airway foreign body，among them，30 cases were older than 3 years old，were agreed to be on electively airway foreign body removal surgery. According to anesthesia induction， intravenous injection muscle relaxants were randomly divided into two groups（n = 40）：Rocuronium group（Group R）0.9 mg/kg， Succinylcholine group（Group S）1.5 mg/kg. According to the degree of muscle relaxation and operation time，if necessary，patients in Group R were added intravenous injection with Rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg，patients in Group S were added intravenous injection with Succinylcholine 0.5 mg/kg，the other drugs were consistent. Observation items included：the bronchoscopy conditions，the degree of muscle relaxation during operation，the numbers of intravenous injection muscle relaxant and atropine，the times of tracheal extu?bation，the dynamic observation about vital sign and hemodynamic intraoperative and postoperative，and the occurrence situation of complications，the incidence rate of muscle soreness in children older than 3 years old 24 h after operation.【Results】（1）There was no significant statistics difference between the two groups in the condition of bronchoscopy（P > 0.05）.（2）The patients in Group R were not required to add muscle relaxants and atropine，but all patients in Group S were required to add muscle relaxants and atro? pine（P < 0.01）.（3）The complications such as body movement，hypoxemia，restlessness during recovery period were hap? pened in Group S，and in Group R，there were only 1 case of laryngeal spasm and restlessness during recovery period，there was sta? tistically significant difference between the two groups（P < 0.05）.（4）The muscle strength recovery of 15 min in Group S was sig? nificantly higher than the Group R（P < 0.01）. （5）The time of tracheal cannula extubation was extended after the operation in Group R，there was statistically significant difference between the two groups（P < 0.05）. （6）30 cases patients older than 3 years old were followed up 24 h after operation，14 cases in Group S were found with the muscle soreness of trunk and limb，but none was found in 16 cases in Group R，there was statistically significant difference between the two groups（P < 0.01）. 【Conclusions】The muscle relax? ant effect was well during the removal of foreign body in children with Rocuronium and Succinylcholine，but the former provided a more security anesthesia condition，the muscle soreness of trunk and limb was not found in patient 24 h after operation；and the latter must continue to add drugs in operation，and the complications were found during and after the operation，the muscle soreness of trunk and limb was found in patient 24 h after operation .