【Objective】 To estimate the safety and efficacy of transvaginal surgical management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). 【Methods】 A total of 80 patients diagnosed with CSP received transvaginal surgical management in our hospital from December 2009 to December 2014. Primary treatment group (54 patients) defined as patients have not received any treatment before transvaginal surgical management. Rescue treatment group (26 patients) referred to the patients received any previous treatment. Preoperative

intraoperative and postoperative data of both groups were collected and analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 Operative time

estimated blood loss

postoperative hospital stay

hospitalization expenses

serum β-hCG resolution time

menstruation recovery time

success rate

intraoperative complication rate

postoperative complication rate and total complication rate in all patients were (56±31) min

50 (22-50) mL

(4.7±2.8) d

(9013±3244) RMB yuan

(3.0±1.6) weeks

(1.22±0.49) month

97.50%

6.25%

12.50%

and 16.25%

respectively. There were lower operative time

estimated blood loss

postoperative hospital stay

hospitalization expenses

menstruation recovery time

intraoperative complication rate

postoperative complication rate and total complication rate in primary treatment group

and there were statistically significant in operative time

hospitalization expenses

intraoperative complication rate and total complication rate between the two groups (P< 0.05). There were higher serum β-hCG resolution time and success rate in primary treatment group

with P<0.001 and P=0.103 respectively. 【Conclusion】 Transvaginal surgery is an effective and safe management option for CSP patients.