Abstract：（Pro）renin receptor（PRR）was organically identified as a specific receptor for prorenin and renin to regulate the activity of renin-angiotensin system（RAS）. Increasing evidence suggests that PRR plays a multitude functions in a RAS-dependent and independent manner. The extracellular domain of PRR is cleaved by furin or ADAM19 to produce a 28-ku soluble PRR（sPRR） while the intracellular domain，M8.9，is a subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase that mediates H+ transport. PRR is critically involved in embryogenesis in low vertebrates and mammals. In recent years，a significant progress has been made in identifying the physiological and pathophysiological functions of renal PRR. PRR has been identified as an important regulator of urine concentrating capability mostly due to its ability to upregulate to aquaporin-2（AQP2）in the collecting duct and Na+，K+，2Cl-cotransporter（NKCC2）in the thick ascending limb. PRR also promotes K+ secretion in response to K+loading through extra-adrenal aldosterone（Aldo）produc? tion. Overactivation of renal PRR contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension induced by angiotensin II infusion and fructose/salt. Overall，PRR has emerged as a new regulator of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney.