Abstract：【Objective】To investigate the micro-structural alterations within whole brain white matter（WM）in cough syrup abuse addiction patients containing codeine，and to explore the correlation between aberrant WH and abuse time of cough medicine abuse patients.【Methods】Thirty cough syrup abuse addiction patients containing codeine and 30 controls participated in the study. Structural changes in FA and（mean diffusivity）MD were examined in cough syrup abuse addiction patients containing codeine which derived from DTI tractography. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to compare the mean FA value and duration of cough syrup abuse addiction in patients.【Results】Cough syrup abuse addiction patients containing codeine had lower FA value in bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule（ALIC）and higher MD in the bilateral hippocampus and insula，right anterior cingulate cortex（ACC）and superior temporal gyrus，compared to the controls. Cough syrup abuse addiction group also had positive correlation between mean FAvalues and duration of cough syrup abuse addiction in patients.【Conclusion】Micro-structural alterations within whole brain white matter（WM）are found in cough syrup abuse addiction patients containing codeine. This disturbance progresses as duration increases of cough syrup abuse addiction in patients.