Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the diagnostic value of real-time three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) in assessing the amount of renal artery (RA) and detecting arterial vascular complications (VC) in renal allograft. 【Methods】 Two-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound.(2D-CEUS)...and real-time 3D-CEUS imaging of 30 allograft patients were analyzed retrospectively. Computed tomography angiography (CTA)/digital subtraction angiography(DSA)/surgery record were set as reference standard

and diagnostic capability and confidence grade of 2D-CEUS (Method 1) and 2D-CEUS combined with real-time 3D-CEUS (Method 2) in detecting the amount of RAs and post-operation arterial VC were compared. The χ2 test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of RA diagnosis between 2 methods. McNemar and χ2 test was used to evaluate differences in sensitivity (Sen)

specificity (Spe)

accuracy (ACC) in graft arterial VC between 2 methods. Rank sum test was used to assess difference between 2 methods in diagnostic confidence grade. 【Results】 1. Evaluation of amount RA 16 of 28 patients have single RA

two RA in 9

>2RA in3cases. There was a significant difference between 2 methods in displaying two or more RA (P = 0 .031). 2.Diagnostic capability and confidence in arterial VC 24 of 30 cases have no VC

transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) was confirmed in 2 cases

arterial thrombosis in 2 cases

one case with intra-renal arteriovenous fistula

focal infarction in 1 case. Sen

Spe

ACC of diagnosis in arterial VC were 66.67%

87.50%

83.33% (method 1) and 83.33%

91.67%

90.00% (method 2) (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in diagnostic confidence between 2 methods in arterial VC (P = 0.019). 【Conclusion】 Real-time 3D-CEUS combined with 2D-CEUS might improve ≥2RAs displaying and arterial VC detecting

moreover

it would increase confidence in diagnosis.