【Objective】 To study the long-term results and the prognostic factors of the impact of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of intermediate and advanced primary liver cancer(PLC). 【Methods】 A total of 86 cases underwent the combination of TACE and MWA with complete data were selected from January 2005 to December 2011 in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. 76 patients were men and 10 patients were women. Age ranged from 11 to 78 years old (mean ± SD

54.97±15.43 years). Single-factor analysis and multivariate analysis was performed on prognostic factors using Kaplan-Meier

Log-rank

and Cox regression analysis by SPSS software (version 17.0). 【Results】 The median survival time was 21.5 months and the 1-

2-

3- and 5-year overall survival rates was 72.3%

44.7%

31.5%

and 13.1%

respectively. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size

BCLC class

Child-Pugh class

portal vein tumor thrombus

arteriovenous fistula

tumor stain

frequency of MWA treatment

ECOG grade and targeted drug therapy were the relative factors. Prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were tumor size

BCLC class

portal vein tumor thrombus

frequency of MWA treatment

ECOG grade and targeted drug therapy. 【Conclusions】 Targeted drug therapy and retreatment of MWA can prolong the overall survival time. Large PLC

advanced BCLC class and portal vein tumor thrombus is the risk prognostic factors for patients.