【Objective】To compare the efficacy ，safety and adverse events of polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone（PEG- rhGH）treatment at different dosage on prepubertal growth hormone deficiency （GHD） children，guiding clinical medication.【Methods】A total of 37 cases of prepubertal growth hormone deficiency children diagnosed in the Children Growth and Development Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2015 to October 2016 were collected，which were randomly divided into two groups，19 cases in the low-dose group（0.12 mg/kg per week）and 18 cases in the high-dose group（0.20 mg/kg per week）. Both groups received PEG-rhGH injection subcutaneously once a week for 26 weeks. Height，weight，height velocity（HV），height standard deviation scores（HtSDS），bone age（BA），BMI（body mass index）and serum IGF-1 level were monitored and adverse events information were collected during the treatment.【Results】The HV，HtSDS incremen（t  ΔHtSDS），and serum IGF-1 level of both groups were significantly higher after treatment（P < 0.001）. The HV，ΔHtSDS and serum IGF- 1 level of the high-dose group was higher than that of the low-dose group，but there was no significant difference（P value 0.055，0.052 and 0.054，respectively）。 There was no significant difference in HtSDS and bone age increment between the two groups（P > 0.05）. During the treatment，6 cases（16.2%）of local lipoatrophy at different degree occurred［3 cases（16.7%）in the high-dose group，3 cases（15.8%）in the low-dose group］，related to the fixed injection site，which improved in 3- 6 months after changing the injection site with guidance. 6 cases（16.2%）of hypocortisolemia［4 cases（22.2%）in the high-dose group，2 cases（10.5%）in the low-dose group］and 2 cases（5.4%）of subclinical hypothyroidism［1 case（5.3%）in the high-dose group，1 case（5.6%）in the low-dose group］occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups （P > 0.05）. There was no serious adverse event occurred.【Conclusions】PEG-rhGH can promote the linear growth of children with GHD effectively and the growth rate of the high- dose treatment group seems to be better than that of the low-dose group. There was no significant difference in ad⁃ verse events between the two groups. A certain degree of local lipoatrophy occurs during polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone treatment. Attention must be paid to the replacement of the injection site to prevent and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and improve treatment compliance.