最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 6 ， 2024
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of a blended instruction model which incorporated preceptorship into the clinical anatomy course at Sun Yat-sen University and improve satisfaction and performance of medical students.MethodsThe study recruited participants including 375 Chinese students aged 20-24 years old， 2 anatomy professors， 49 surgeons and 7 lab technicians. The students were divided into 10 teams and each team was tutored by 1 anatomy professor， 2 surgeons and 1 lab technician. After the course ended， the Course Experience Questionnaire （CEQ） and Student Experience in Education Questionnaire （SEEQ） were used in the survey to measure the quality of teaching and students’ overall educational experience. Students’ performance scores were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe response rates for CEQ and SEEQ were 60.3% （226/375） and 54.6% （200/375）， respectively. CEQ indicated a moderate level of overall satisfaction with 7.12 out of 10. Subscales like Clear Goals， Good Teaching and Generic Skills showed moderately positive reception of the course， while subscales like Appropriate Workload and Appropriate Assessment revealed students’ concerns about heavy workload and difficult exam. There was no statistically significant difference in perceptions between male and female students. The students who are more satisfied with the quality of the course are also more satisfied with the way it is taught （P<0.01）. SEEQ further confirmed the universal appeal of the course， with high scores in dimensions like Learning， Enthusiasm and Individual Rapport among the students. Qualitative responses highlighted areas of improvement， such as consistent teaching methods， practical hands-on experience for the students and alignment between what was taught and tested.The students after the preceptorship introduction achieved better academic performance than before.ConclusionsThe blended instruction model incorporating preceptorship enhances the student satisfaction and performance in clinical anatomy course， and also stimulates students’ learning enthusiasm and group interaction. We need further improvement in the teaching quality control， syllabus contents and course assessment for teaching of clinical anatomy.关键词：blended learning;preceptorship;clinical anatomy;satisfaction;course experience
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发布时间：2024-11-08
Column of Famous Teachers and Doctors
- 摘要：N-cadherin， also known as Neural-cadherin/Cadherin-2， is a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in cell-to-cell adhesion， cell sorting， nerve development and a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In recent years， with the rapid development of molecular biology and cell biology， the functional research of N-cadherin has made remarkable progress， providing essential clues for understanding tumor metastasis and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper， the main progress in N-cadherin functional research in recent years is reviewed， including its molecular structure， biological function， signal transduction mechanism and its role in diseases. Finally， the clinical application prospect and future research direction of N-cadherin are summarized. It is expected to provide some theoretical reference for future research and clinical application of N-cadherin as a new target for the treatment of diseases.关键词：N-cadherin;regulation and function;cell signal transduction;pathogenesis;clinical application
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Women of childbearing age are at a heightened risk for autoimmune diseases， with an incidence rate ranging from 1.5 to 10 cases per 10 000 individuals. Biologic agents，recognized for their efficacy and minimal adverse effects， are commonly utilized in this population. Research indicates significant variability among different biologic agents regardingtheir ability to cross the placental barrier. Currently， the World Health Organization （WHO）and the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP） have not established a standardized vaccination protocol for infants exposed to these agents during pregnancy. This article aims to review the selection of biologic agents by pregnant women and their effects on fetal development and vaccine immune responses. The goal is to provide clearer guidance for clinical decision-making and to enhance maternal and infant health outcomes.关键词：gestation period;infant;vaccination;biological agents;autoimmune diseases
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Huntington's disease （HD） is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal amplification of the CAG repeat of the huntingtin （HTT） gene. Its main clinical manifestations are movement disorders， cognitive decline， and psychiatric symptoms. The occurrence and development of HD is related to a variety of factors， and with the deepening of basic research， the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction， including decreased energy production， abnormal mitochondrial dynamics， and calcium homeostasis. Huntington's disease has attracted more and more attention from researchers. In this review， we discuss the links that exist between the many forms of mitochondrial dysfunction and HD， with the aim of highlighting the important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of HD disease.关键词：mitochondrial dysfunction;Huntington's disease;mitochondrial dynamics;mitochondrial energy metabolism;mitochondrial calcium homeostasis
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发布时间：2024-11-08
Invited Review
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of salidroside on calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） and explore its underlying mechanism.MethodsVSMCs were cultured in high-phosphate media to induce vascular calcification and treated with different concentrations of salidroside. Cell calcification was tested by alizarin red staining and calcium content assay. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of osteogenic proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 （RUNX2） and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2）， toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear factor kappa-B p65 （NF-κB p65）， phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， inflammatory factors including Interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） and Interleukin-6 （IL-6）. We transfected VSMCs with TLR4 small interfering RNA （si-TLR4） and examined whether TLR4 mediated the inhibitory effect of salidroside on calcification of VSMCs.ResultsAlizarin red staining and calcium content assay revealed that different concentrations of salidroside ameliorated high phosphate-induced calcification of human VSMCs （P<0.05）. Salidroside at concentrations of 250 and 500 μmol/L decreased the expression levels of RUNX2， BMP2， TLR4， p-NF-κB p65， IL-1β and IL-6 （all P<0.05）， but did not affect NF-κB p65 expression （P>0.05）. The examination of VSMCs transfected with si-TLR4 showed that salidroside enhanced the inhibitory effect of TLR4 knockdown on calcification of VSMCs （P<0.05）.ConclusionsSalidroside attenuates high phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway.关键词：salidroside;vascular smooth muscle cells;vascular calcification;inflammation;NF-κB
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the association between screen content and the frequency of screen exposure at the age of one and a half years and hyperactive behavior in preschool， and to explore how the association is affected by the interaction between outdoor activities and screen behaviors， which could provide theoretical basis and feasible solutions for the prevention and intervention of behavioral problems in childhoood.MethodsThe survey was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023 in Huicheng District， Huizhou （China） stratified by whole cluster sampling methods. Parents and teachers of 5 648 children in 61 kindergartens were sampled for questionnaire surveys. The Conners Teacher Rating Scale （TRS） was used to investigate hyperactive behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate basic demographic information of children， screen content， frequency of screen exposure and outdoor activities at the age of one and a half years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between video screen behavior and hyperactive behavior and its interaction with outdoor activities by controlling for covariates such as children’s age， gender， and parental education.ResultsResult showed the overall prevalence of 3.2% for hyperactive behavior， 2.1% for conduct problems， 2.1% for hyperactivity problems， 1.3% for inattention-passivity problems， and 0.9% for hyperactivity index. After adjusting for confounding factors， multiple logistic regression analysis showed that screen exposure of "two to four times a week" at one and a half years old was associated with an increased detection rate of hyperactive behaviors in preschool children， with an estimated ORs （95% CI） of 1.682 （1.141， 2.480）. Daily screen exposure was associated with increased detection rates of hyperactive behavior， conduct problems， hyperactivity issues， inattention-passivity problems， and hyperactivity index in pre-school age. The estimated ORs （95% CI） were 2.136 （1.218， 3.746）， 2.321 （1.185， 4.546）， 2.300 （1.208， 4.380）， 2.776 （1.267， 6.085） and 3.640 （1.525， 8.687）， respectively. But the above associations were not found in children who were engaged in daily outdoor activities at the age of one and a half years （P value for interaction <0.001）. No association was found between screen content and hyperactive behavior （P> 0.05）.ConclusionsFrequency of screen exposure in early childhood is significantly associated with hyperactive behavior problems in preschool， and outdoor activities could weaken the correlation between high-frequency screen exposure and hyperactive behavior， suggesting that parents and schools should prioritize scientifically guiding children’s video viewing behavior and outdoor activities， ensuring a well-arranged daily life， to lay a good foundation for the healthy development of children’s behavior.关键词：hyperactive behavior;attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;visual screen behavior;outdoor activities;preschoolers
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发布时间：2024-11-08
Preclinic Research
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of total oral regimens containing pomalidomide as a second-line treatment strategy in multiple myeloma.MethodsA total of 22 patients with multiple myeloma placed on total oral regimens containing pomalidomide as a second-line therapy from March 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the treatment response， survival and safety.ResultsThe median age of the 22 patients was 71.5 years old. The total oral treatment regimens containing pomalidomide included IPD （7 cases）， PCD （11 cases）， XPD （2 cases）， and PD （2 cases）. The median number of treatment cycles was 14. Among the 13 patients with prior lenalidomide exposure， ORR was 53.85%， of which 23.08% was ≥VGPR. In 9 patients without prior lenalidomide exposure， the ORR was 77.78%， and of which 55.56% was ≥VGPR. There was no significant difference in ORR between these two groups （P=0.38）. In 12 patients with high genetic risk， the ORR was 50%， and ≥VGPR was 16.67%. The median follow-up time was 10.6 months. Disease progressed in 10 patients and death occurred in 6 patients of them. The median progression free survival （PFS） was not reached （not reached and 10.6 months in non-lenalidomide-exposure patients or lenalidomide-exposure patients， respectively）.The high grade treatment-related adverse events （AEs）（≥3 ） were reported in 18.18% patients， including granulocytopenia， thrombocytopenia， and pulmonary infection. There was no treatment-related death.ConclusionTotal oral regimens containing pomalidomide as a second-line therapy is generally effective and safe for multiple myeloma patients.关键词：pomalidomide;multiple myeloma;second-line treatment;efficacy;safety
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound combined with shear wave elastography （SWE） for sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD）.MethodsThe study included 94 CKD patients （34 with sarcopenia and 60 without）. All patient underwent the Simplified Assessment Rating Questionnaire （SARC-CalF）， Mini Nutritional Assessment （MNA）， Short Physical Performance Battery （SPPB）， grip strength test， bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA）， conventional muscle ultrasound and SWE of the thighs. We then compared the differences in indicators between the sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group， used Spearman correlation analysis to assess the relationship between the two examinations （conventional ultrasound and SWE） and other clinical indicators， identified the diagnostic markers for sarcopenia， created receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves， calculated the area under the curve （AUC） and determined the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound， SWE and their combination. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of sarcopenia in CKD patients and a combined diagnosis model was established.ResultsThe sarcopenia group showed lower upper arm circumference， calf circumference， 6-meter walking speed and handgrip strength than non-sarcopenia group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The sarcopenia group exhibited lower SARC-CalF and SPBB scores， as well as more compromised nutritional status. Statistically significant differences were observed in the ultrasound parameters between the two groups， including thickness of the subcutaneous fat and rectus femoris， combined thickness of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius， rectus femoris cross-sectional area， elastic modulus of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis （all P<0.05）. The muscle mass index had a moderate positive correlation with muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris （0.3<r≤0.6）. The 50 kHz-leg phase angle was highly positively correlated with the rectus femoris muscle thickness （0.6<r≤0.8） and moderately positively correlated with the rectus femoris cross-sectional area， elastic modulus of the rectus femoris， vastus medialis and vastus lateralis （0.3<r≤0.6）. The AUC of conventional ultrasound， SWE and their combination for diagnosis of sarcopenia in CKD patients were 0.823 （95% CI： 0.820， 0.825）， 0.724 （95% CI： 0.718， 0.725） and 0.910 （95% CI： 0.908， 0.912）， respectively. A predictive model incorporating seven indicators was established， with an AUC of 0.914 （95% CI： 0.913， 0.916）， a sensitivity of 0.952 and specificity of 0.808.ConclusionsConventional ultrasound combined with SWE can be used as a simple and effective method to detect sarcopenia in patients with CKD and provide a reliable basis for early clinical intervention.关键词：sarcopenia;chronic kidney disease;shear wave elastography;conventional ultrasound;diagnostic value
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of preoperative serum inflammatory indicators in endometrial cancer.MethodsThe laboratory and clinical pathological data of patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer diagnosed by pathology from January 2020 to December 2023 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in basic information between the two groups of patients were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in preoperative serum inflammatory indicators and tumor markers between the two groups of patients. The ROC curve was used to analyze the specificity， sensitivity and optimal cutoff value of the different indicators. A total of 408 patients were included in the study， including 82 patients in the endometrial atypical hyperplasia group and 326 patients in the endometrial cancer group.ResultsThere were statistical differences in preoperative serum leukocyte count （P=0.039）， monocyte count （P=0.046）， platelet count （P=0.031 7）， platelet/lymphocyte ratio （PLR） （P=0.017）， CA-125 （P<0.000 1）， and HE4 （P<0.000 1） between endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. ROC curves were drawn for these different indicators， and the results showed that leukocyte （P=0.041）， platelet （P=0.045）， PLR （P=0.007）， CA-125 （P<0.000 1）， and HE4 （P<0.000 1） had statistically significant predictive values in endometrial carcinoma. Compared with single indicators， the combined indicator CA-125 + HE4 + PLR + leukocytes + monocytes had the largest AUC ［0.76 （0.70-0.81）］， and its predictive value is higher.ConclusionCA-125+HE4+PLR+leukocytes+monocytes combined screening can help to identify endometrial cancer， and provide effective information for patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer who are conservatively treated.关键词：endometrial atypical hyperplasia;endometrial cancer;serum inflammatory markers;tumor markers;receiver operating characteristic curve
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore if the enhanced recovery after surgery （ERAS） protocol for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） who are undergoing elective cesarean delivery could cause perioperative glycemic abnormalities and heighten the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who underwent elective cesarean sections and received ERAS between May 1， 2022， and October 31， 2023， at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. A total of 150 patients were included in this study， comprising the GDM group （n=75） and the non-GDM group （n=75）. The study included pregnant women with good glycemic control （GDM） and maternal age （18-30 years； 30-35 years； 35-40 years； >40 years）， BMI （<18.5 kg/m2； 18.5-24.9 kg/m2； 25-30 kg/m2； >30 kg/m2）， and gestational age （within 7 days）. We used these criteria to match 1：1 non-GDM women as the control group. After administering preoperative oral carbohydrates， we observed the trends of maternal glycemic changes， including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia， at any time of the day. We also evaluated the incidence of hypoglycemic low Apgar scores in newborns， abnormal pH values in blood gases， and the rate of transfer to the pediatric unit immediately after delivery.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in fasting blood glucose levels on the day of surgery between the two groups of pregnant women ［（4.4 ± 0.5） mmol/L vs. （4.3 ± 0.5） mmol/L， t=1.395，P=0.165］. The blood glucose peak was reached 30 minutes after consuming 300 mL （42.6 g of low-dose carbohydrate） of a light drink ［（7.2± 0.9） mmol/L vs. （6.4±0.8） mmol/L， t=5.773，P＜0.001］， with a subsequent decline in blood glucose levels. At the 120-minute mark， blood glucose had returned to the pre-oral carbohydrate level. The blood glucose levels in GDM groups was significantly higher than those in the non-GDM group （P < 0.005）. Although the incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group at the 30-minute peak blood glucose level after oral carbohydrate intake， and the difference was statistically significant （17.3% vs. 1.3%， χ2 = 11.354， P < 0.001）， severe hyperglycemia （≥10 mmol/L） did not occur. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not significantly higher in neonates in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group （22.7% vs. 28%， χ2 = 0.564， P = 0.453）. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the GDM group was not significantly elevated in comparison to the non-GDM group after adjusting for age and BMI （Model 1）， primiparity and gestational week of delivery （Model 2）， hypertensive disorders of pregnancy （Model 3）， cesarean section indications， time of cesarean section， and intraoperative hemorrhage （Model 4）， and neonatal weight （Model 5）.ConclusionIn GDM patients with excellent glycemic control， an ERAS regimen with a low oral dose of carbohydrates prior to elective cesarean section does not increase the risk of preoperative serious hyperglycemia in mothers， nor does it increase the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia.关键词：enhanced recovery after surgery;gestational diabetes mellitus;elective cesarean section;pre-operative carbohydrate drink;neonatal hypoglycemia
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectivePeople infected with Hepatitis B are often divided into hepatitis B carriers and hepatitis B patients based on whether ALT is normal or not， and ALT ≥ 2UNL is one of the indications for clinical antiviral treatment， but no sufficient evidence to justify this. In order to explore the theoretical basis， the paper investigated the effects of hepatitis B virus（HBV） on hepatic stellate cells（HSCs）.MethodsA total of 132 chronic hepatitis B patients with different viral loads and ALT levels were randomly selected as the study subjects. Of these patients， those with ALT≥2UNL were treated with antiviral therapy and followed up for 24 weeks. The effects of HBV on HSCs before and after the treatment were compared and analyzed. HSCs proliferation was detected by MTT method， HSCs cell cycle by flow cytometry， and expression of TGF-β1， Smad3， Smad7， α-SMA， collagen I， collgen Ⅲ mRNAs and corresponding proteins by RT-PCR and Western blotting， respectively.ResultsAt the normal ALT level， HBV with different viral loads had no significant effect on the proliferation， cell cycle and cell secretion of the HSCs. At the abnormal ALT level， especially when ALT ≥ 2UNL， with the increase of virus loads， HSCs proliferation accelerated； cells in the G0 / G1 phase decreased significantly and cells in the S and G2 / M phases increased significantly； the expression of TGF- β1， Smad3， α-SMA， collagen I， collgen Ⅲ mRNAs and corresponding proteins increased significantly， but Smad7 mRNA and protein expression decreased significantly， the differences were statistically significant. HBV showed a significantly lower effect on HSCs after the antiviral therapy than before.ConclusionsThis paper reveals the differential effects of HBV on HSCs at different ALT levels and presents a comparative analysis of the effects before and after the antiviral therapy， which provides a theroretical basis for identifying the ALT level as an indication for HBV antiviral therapy.关键词：hepatitis B virus（HBV）;viral loads;hepatic stellate cells（HSCs）;cell proliferation;cell cycle;cell secretion;ALT
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the role of estrogen and estrogen receptor （ER） in the pathogenesis and regulation of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis （NIFR）.MethodsTotally 60 patients with NIFS who met the inclusion criteria in Fuzhou Second General Hospital from November 2020 to November 2023 were selected as the NIFS group， while 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as the blank control group. Samples of each group were collected. The number of eosinophils and mast cells in each group were detected by HE staining； ER expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence； mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， IKK and MASPIN were detected by qPCR； and protein expression levels of NF-κB， IKK and MASPIN were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultsIn the NIFS group， the counts of eosinophils and mast cells were significantly increased respectively， compared with those in the control group， and the inter-group differences are statistically significant （P<0.01 and P<0.05， respectively）. The Estrogen Receptor （ER） score in the NIFS group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group， and the inter-group differences are statistically significant （P<0.05）. Additionally， the average high-density value in the NIFS group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group， and the inter-group differences are statistically significant （P<0.01）. The expression levels of NF-κB， IKK， and MASPIN in the NIFS group were significantly increased respectively， compared with those in the control group， and the inter-group differences are statistically significant （P<0.01， P<0.05， and P<0.01， respectively）. The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， IKK， and MASPIN in the NIFS group were significantly increased， respectively， compared with those in the control group （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the protein expression levels of NF-κB， IKK， and MASPIN in the NIFS group were increased， respectively， and the inter-group differences are statistically significant （P<0.01， P<0.01， and P<0.05， respectively）.ConclusionOur results show that the significant increase in the number of eosinophils and mast cells， and in the expression levels of ER， NF-κB， IKK and MASPIN may indicate a significant increase in eosinophil and mast cell infiltration in ER positive patients， and suggest the involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the pathogenesis of NIFS.关键词：non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis;estrogen receptor;eosinophils;mast cells;NF-κB;IKK;MASPIN
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo present a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome （CAIS） coexisting with Müllerian duct remnants （MDR） and to review previous reports in the literature to enhance the understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of CAIS.MethodsThe study aimed to diagnose complete androgen insensitivity syndrome （CAIS） by conducting physical examinations， chromosomal analysis， whole exome sequencing， laboratory tests including follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， total testosterone， estradiol， anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）， inhibin B， dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate （DHEAS）， androstenedione， 17-hydroxyprogesterone， and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Laparoscopy revealed the presence of Müllerian duct structures. Additionally， the study reviewed similar cases of CAIS combined with Müllerian duct remnants reported in the literature.ResultsThe child presented with female phenotype， elevated levels of FSH， LH， and testosterone. Pelvic MRI showed bilateral cryptorchidism without visible uterus or fallopian tubes. The chromosomal karyotype was 46，XY， and whole exome sequencing identified a pathogenic variant in the androgen receptor （AR） gene， c.2359C>T （p.Arg787*）. No abnormalities were found in the AMH and AMHR2 gene tests. Laparoscopic exploration revealed underdeveloped testes and an underdeveloped uterus. Pathology showed the presence of fallopian tube-like structures next to the testicles. A total of 11 cases with genetically confirmed diagnosis of CAIS coexisting with MDR were retrieved from the database. The findings suggest that the initial clinical presentation， biochemical data， and gonadal pathology of CAIS with MDR are similar to those without MDR.ConclusionThe study reports a patient with CAIS coexisting with MDR， which broadens the clinical spectrum of CAIS and provides a perspective for basic research on Müllerian duct regression that is independent of the AMH-AMHR2 signaling pathway.关键词：complete androgen insensitivity syndrome;Müllerian duct;Müllerian duct remnants;disorders of sex development;androgen receptor gene
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发布时间：2024-11-08
Clinical Research
- 摘要：Lactic acid bacteria（LAB） have biological functions such as nutrition， bacteriostasis and immune regulation， which play important roles in the fields of food， agriculture and animal husbandry， industry， medicine and so on. At present， in the clinical application research of LAB， the focus of attention is on gastrointestinal diseases， urinary tract infections， allergic rhinitis， anti-tumor， etc.， but there are few introductions to the research progress of LAB in ocular application. In addition to regulating inflammation， the mechanism of action of lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of eye diseases is also affected by different mechanisms， which can be divided into direct and indirect effects. This article reviews the application of lactic acid bacteria in ocular surface diseases， fungal keratitis， lens and retinal diseases， summarizes and summarizes lactic acid strains and their related mechanisms， compares the differences of different lactic acid strains in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. The in vitro， in vivo and clinical evidence of lactic acid bacteria in ophthalmic research are summarized， and the use of lactic acid bacteria in the treatment has high safety. The application of ophthalmic diseases has shown significant innovation and clinical significance， broadened the application scope of lactic acid bacteria in ophthalmology， and provided new ideas for future clinical treatment.关键词：lactic acid bacteria;direct effect;indirect effect;ophthalmic diseases;therapy
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Cervical spondylosis is a common degenerative spinal disease that severely impacts patients' quality of life and may lead to serious complications. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. However， traditional diagnostic methods have limitations in precision and efficiency， primarily relying on clinicians' subjective judgment and experience， which can result in misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence （AI） technology have shown significant potential in the field of medical diagnostics， particularly in medical imaging analysis and lesion identification. AI technologies， through deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks （CNNs）， can automatically segment and identify lesion areas in imaging data， significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. This paper reviews the latest research developments in AI for cervical spondylosis diagnosis， explores its potential in improving diagnostic precision and personalized treatment， and analyzes the current challenges and future research directions to promote further development and clinical application of AI technologies in cervical spondylosis diagnosis.关键词：artificial intelligence;cervical spondylosis;machine learning;deep learning;convolutional neural networks
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：With the intensification of aging society， more and more patients are troubled by low back pain， which brings burden to patients and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration （IVDD） is the main cause of chronic low back pain. Clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of IVDD is of great significance to solve the current health problems. In recent years， there have been a lot of reports on the role of the Sonic Hedgehog （Shh） pathway in IVDD. Shh signaling pathway plays an important role in the formation and postnatal maintenance of intervertebral disc， and the expression change of this pathway is accompanied by age-related degenerative changes of intervertebral disc. Targeting the Shh signaling pathway may have important implications in IVDD treatment. This review summarizes the research progress of Shh signaling pathway in IVDD， attempts to explore the possible relationship between this signaling pathway and various known pathologies of IVDD， and looks forward to future research content， in order to provide reference for exploring effective treatment and prevention methods of IVDD.关键词：intervertebral disc degeneration;Sonic Hedgehog;nucleus pulposus cell;notochord cell;glioma-associated oncogene homologue
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Ischemic stroke （IS） is a common disease of the central nervous system. Hippo signaling pathway can affect the occurrence， development and prognosis of IS by participating in various pathophysiological processes related to brain injury， such as nerve regeneration， apoptosis， inflammation and oxidative stress. In this paper， the mechanism of action of Hippo signaling pathway in IS and the interaction between pathways are systematically summarized， in order to provide more options and ideas for the future clinical treatment of IS.关键词：Hippo signaling pathway;ischemic stroke;neuroprotection;inflammatory response;oxidative stress
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Anti-tumor immunotherapy has made remarkable breakthroughs in the past few decades， demonstrating unprecedented efficacy in certain types of cancer， but the emergence of drug resistance not only limits the long-term effectiveness of immunotherapy， but can also lead to cancer recurrence and progression. Therefore， how to overcome immunotherapy resistance has become a key problem to be solved in current cancer research. Tumor-associated macrophages （TAM） have gradually become an important option and potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment in recent years. Their unique role in the tumor microenvironment （TME） makes them promising in anti-tumor therapy. For the study of TAM in cancer treatment， the current exploration includes multiple aspects and challenges. These studies not only involved the mechanism of action of TAM in different tumor types， but also covered the interaction of TAM with other immune cells and signaling pathways in TME. Therefore， this article reviews the application of TAM in anti-tumor immunotherapy， aiming to provide reference for future related studies.关键词：tumor-associated macrophages;tumor microenvironment;immunotherapy;cell therapy;cancer
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发布时间：2024-11-08 - 摘要：Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of serious harms to human health， have drawn widespread attention both domestically and internationally. But the current research on mechanism of cardiovascular diseases is not keeping up with the current status of their treatment. The microbiota in the gut， the largest microecological system in the human body and its interaction with the human host have been implicated in a variety of diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases has been increasingly understood in recent years. The changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites are the major contributing factor for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases， therefore， correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis may provide a novel therapeutic alternative for cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in cardiovascular diseases， aiming to provide reference for future related studies.关键词：gut microbiota;metabolit intestinal flora;cardiovascular diseases;intestinal permeability;role and mechanism;treatment
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发布时间：2024-11-08
Review
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