【Objective】To investigate whether oral administration of probiotics could improve the aluminum-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice.【Methods】Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups，6 in each. The mice in control（CON）group，AlCl3-treated（Al）group，probiotics-treated（PO）group and treatment-combined（Al+PO）group were treated with sterile water，oral AlCl3，probiotics in sterile water and a combination of oral AlCl3 and probiotics in sterile water ，respectively. After six weeks of treatment，immunofluorescence staining was used to test the numbers of activated microglia（Iba-1+/CD68+ cells） and the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）in hippocampus；enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was employed to determine the levels of interleukin- 1 β（IL- 1 β） and tumor necrosis factor- α（TNF- α）in serum and hippocampus.【Results】 The morphology revealed that compared with those in CON group，in Al group，the numbers of Iba-1+/CD68+ cells increased significantly（ < 0.01）and the BDNF level decreased significantly（< 0.01）. Compared those in Al group ， in Al+PO group ，the numbers of Iba-1+/CD68+ cells were significantly lower（P < 0.01）and the BDNF level significantly higher（ < 0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with those in CON group，in Al group，the levels of IL-1β and TNF- α in serum and hippocampus had a significant rise（ < 0.01）. Compared those in Al group，in Al+PO group，the levels of IL- 1 β  in serum and hippocampus and TNF-α  in hippocampus had a significant reduction （ < 0.01）.【Conclusions】Oral probiotics improves the aluminum-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice.