【Objective】 To analyze the risk factors of emergence agitation in children after general anesthesia and surgery.【Methods】 A total of 410 children after general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. The level of emergence agitation was scored by SAS (sedationagitation scale). Children with SAS <4 were excluded. We analyzed the rest 165 children with univariate and multivariate logistic regression of risk factors of emergence agitation in children after general anesthesia. 【Results】 We found that univariate analysis revealed that surgery history

surgery type

postoperative pain

anesthesia maintenance method

dexmedetomidine

ketamine

tramadol

postoperative analgesia were significantly correlated with the incidence of agitation(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age

preoperative anxiety

surgery type

postoperative pain

anesthesia maintenance method

dexmedetomidine

urinary catheterization

and postoperative analgesia were related with agitation in children (P < 0.05). The factors of sex

character

gastric tube and urinary catheterization

central venous catheterization

surgery time

antagonist

suction

laparoscopic surgery were not associate with emergence agitation in children after general anesthesia. 【Conclusion】 In children after general anesthesia

the factors of preschool children

preoperative anxiety

anesthesia maintenance with sevoflurane alone

urinary catheterization

postoperative pain are associate with high incidence of emergence agitation after general anesthesia and surgery.