【Objective】 To characterize the expression of NOD1/NOD2 at materno-fetal interface. 【Methods】 NOD1 and NOD2 expression by villi and decidua were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR(n = 12). 【Results】 Immunohistochemistry result showed both NOD1 and NOD2 were expressed by villi and decidua at materno-fetal interface

and localized to cytoplasm of trophoblast cells and DSC. On the mRNA level

villi expressed more NOD1/NOD2 than decidual stromal cells(DSC

P = 0.03 and P = 0.009). DSC expressed more NOD1 than NOD2

P = 0.029. The differences were significant. Villi expressed more NOD2 than NOD1

but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).【Conclusion】 Villi and DSC express NOD1/NOD2 at materno-fetal interface of early pregnancy. NOD1/NOD2 maybe participate in plantation of embryo.