中山大学附属第一医院神经外科,广东 广州 510080
吴心悦,第一作者,研究方向:肿瘤免疫,E-mail:wuxy285@mail2.sysu.edu.cn。
[ "张弩,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,研究方向为边界结构免疫在恶性脑肿瘤诊疗中的应用和脑机接口设备研发与临床应用。E-mail:zhangnu2@mail.sysu.edu.cn" ]
收稿:2025-08-31,
修回:2025-12-12,
录用:2025-12-16,
纸质出版:2026-01-20
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吴心悦,张弩.中枢神经系统边界免疫机制与疾病研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):29-42.
WU Xinyue,ZHANG Nu.Border-Associated Immunity of the Central Nervous System, Mechanistic Insights and Disease Implications[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):29-42.
吴心悦,张弩.中枢神经系统边界免疫机制与疾病研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):29-42. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250115.
WU Xinyue,ZHANG Nu.Border-Associated Immunity of the Central Nervous System, Mechanistic Insights and Disease Implications[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):29-42. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250115.
中枢神经系统(CNS)长期被视为“免疫豁免”区域,但十余年来的研究表明,CNS通过一系列边界结构与外周免疫系统保持紧密联系。CNS边界结构包括脑膜、脉络丛、血管周围间隙、颅骨骨髓和颈深淋巴结,它们不仅构成了CNS的物理屏障,也是免疫细胞富集的场所,以及作为抗原引流和信号传递的重要枢纽。在稳态下,这些结构协同维持免疫平衡和神经功能;在病理状态下,则介导炎症反应、免疫细胞募集及组织修复等功能,对缺血性卒中、肿瘤、感染、神经炎症及神经退行性疾病等重大CNS疾病的发生与进展具有关键作用。本文系统总结了CNS边界结构的解剖组成及免疫特征,重点讨论其在稳态与病理状态下的功能,并结合最新研究进展,探讨其作为CNS疾病潜在治疗靶点的前景。
The central nervous system (CNS) has long been regarded as an "immune privilege" region. However, evidence in the past decade has demonstrated that the CNS maintains intricate communication with the peripheral immune system through a series of border structures. These CNS border structures include meninges, choroid plexus, perivascular spaces, skull bone marrow, and deep cervical lymph nodes. They not only serve as physical barriers but also as niches enriched in immune cells, functioning as critical hubs for antigen drainage and signal transmission. Under homeostatic conditions, these structures work synergistically to sustain immune balance and neural function. In pathological states, they mediate inflammatory responses, immune cell recruitment, and tissue repair, playing pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of major CNS disorders such as ischemic stroke, tumors, infections, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review systematically summarizes the anatomical organization and immune features of CNS border structures, with a focus on their functions in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Incorporating the latest research findings, we also explore their potential as therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.
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