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1.广州中医药大学科技创新中心,广东 广州510405
2.广州医科大学附属第三医院临床检验科,广东 广州 511436
林雨,第一作者,研究方向:中医药防治神经退行性疾病,E-mail:20221110963@stu.gzucm.edu.cn
黄凯文,并列第一作者,研究方向:中医药防治神经退行性疾病,E-mail:20221110964@stu.gzucm.edu.cn
收稿日期:2025-03-18,
录用日期:2025-04-24,
纸质出版日期:2025-05-20
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林雨,黄凯文,洪宏海等.EGCG阻断HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR轴以激活自噬促进小胶质细胞清除Aβ[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(03):486-497.
LIN Yu,HUANG Kaiwen,HONG Honghai,et al.EGCG Promotes Aβ Clearance of Microglia Through Blockage of the HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Axis Followed by Autophagy Activation[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(03):486-497.
林雨,黄凯文,洪宏海等.EGCG阻断HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR轴以激活自噬促进小胶质细胞清除Aβ[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(03):486-497. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0313.
LIN Yu,HUANG Kaiwen,HONG Honghai,et al.EGCG Promotes Aβ Clearance of Microglia Through Blockage of the HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Axis Followed by Autophagy Activation[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(03):486-497. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0313.
目的
2
为明确表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是否参与小胶质细胞对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的清除和自噬诱导,以探讨EGCG在防治阿尔茨海默病(AD)的潜在机制。
方法
2
将6月龄APP/PS1小鼠随机分为模型组和EGCG组,另将野生型小鼠作为对照组,每组15只,EGCG组持续灌胃给药[5 mg/(kg·d)]8周后,进行旷场实验及Y迷宫检测小鼠学习记忆能力,硫磺素-S染色评价小鼠脑实质中Aβ的含量及分布,免疫荧光检测小鼠海马组织Aβ
1-42
、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、离子钙结合适配器分子1(Iba1)表达水平;同时予20 µmol/L Aβ
1-42
诱导N9小鼠胶质细胞模型,检测不同浓度EGCG(5 µmol/L、10 µmol/L、20 µmol/L)处理后的细胞活力,Western blot检测Aβ
1-42
、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(LRP1)、晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)、淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)、胰岛素降解酶(IDE)、脑啡肽酶(NEP)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶(PI3K)、p-PI3K、蛋白激酶B (AKT)、p-AKT、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、p-mTOR、组蛋白去乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)水平;最后通过小胶质细胞与神经元SH-SY5Y细胞共培养,检测细胞活力及Caspase-3水平,验证EGCG介导Aβ清除对神经元的保护作用。
结果
2
EGCG增加APP/PS1小鼠在旷场中央区域活动时间及次数(
P
<0.05),提高Y迷宫测试交替百分比(
P
<0.01);EGCG减少APP/PS1小鼠海马组织中Aβ沉积,增加小胶质细胞数量;体外实验显示EGCG可提高Aβ诱导N9细胞的存活率(
P
<0.01),并上调RAGE活性(
P
<0.05),促进Aβ的内化吞噬(
P
<0.01),通过下调HDAC6水平(
P
<0.05),抑制PI3K、AKT、mTOR的磷酸化(
P
<0.001)而增加LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I比值(
P
<0.001)激活小胶质细胞自噬;EGCG通过小胶质细胞对Aβ
1-42
的清除,提高SH-SY5Y细胞存活率(
P
<0.05),降低Caspase-3的活性(
P
<0.01),对神经元具有保护作用。
结论
2
EGCG通过靶向阻断HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR轴,激活小胶质细胞自噬清除Aβ。
Objective
2
To clarify whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is involved in the clearance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and autophagy induction by microglia, so as to explore the potential mechanisms of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods
2
Six-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model and EGCG groups, with some additional wild type (WT) mice as the control group, each group consisting of 15 mice. The EGCG group received continuous gavage administration[5 mg/(kg·d)] for 8 weeks, followed by the open field test and Y-maze to assess the learning and memory abilities of the mice. Thioflavin-S staining was used to evaluate the content and distribution of amyloid β-protein (Aβ)in the brain parenchyma of the mice, and immunofluorescence was employed to detect the expression levels of Aβ
1-42
, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) in the hippocampal tissue of the mice. Additionally, N9 mouse microglial cells were induced with 20 µmol/L Aβ
1-42
, and the cell viability was measured after treatment with different concentrations of EGCG (5 µmol/L, 10 µmol/L, 20 µmol/L). Western blotting was used to detect the levels of Aβ
1-42
, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP1), receptor for advanced glycation endp
roducts (RAGE), amyloid precursor protein (APP), insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), neprilysin (NEP), microtubule associated protein 1 hydrogen chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase(PI3K), p-PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6). Finally, through the co-culture of microglial cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, cell viability and Caspase-3 levels were measured to verify the protective effect of EGCG-mediated Aβ clearance on neurons.
Results
2
EGCG increased the activity time and frequency of APP/PS1 mice in the central area of the open field (
P
<
0.05), and enhanced the percentage of alternation in the Y-maze test (
P
<
0.01); EGCG reduced Aβ deposition in the hippocampal tissue of APP/PS1 mice and increased the number of microglia;
in vitro
experiments showed that EGCG improved the survival rate of Aβ-induced N9 cells (
P
<
0.01), upregulated RAGE activity (
P
<
0.05), and promoted the internalization and phagocytosis of Aβ (
P
<
0.01). ECGC activated microglial autophagy by downregulating the level of HDAC6 (
P
<
0.05), inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR (
P
<
0.001), and increasing the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I ratio (
P
<
0.001); EGCG improved the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells (
P
<
0.05) and reduced the activity of Caspase-3 (
P
<
0.01) by clearing Aβ
1-42
through microglia, and had a protective effect on neurons.
Conclusion
2
EGCG activates microglial autophagy to clear Aβ by targeting and inhibiting the HDAC6-PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.
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