1.遵义医科大学第三临床学院,贵州 遵义 563006
2.铜仁市人民医院眼科,贵州 铜仁 554300
罗开杰,第一,研究方向:白内障、青光眼,E-mail: luokaijie1107@126.com
收稿:2025-02-21,
修回:2025-11-04,
录用:2025-11-09,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
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罗开杰,仲苏鄂.不同超声乳化参数设置对白内障患者眼内影响的研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(06):985-994.
LUO Kaijie,ZHONG Su’e.Research Progress on the Influence of Different Parameters of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Tissue of Patients with Cataract[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(06):985-994.
罗开杰,仲苏鄂.不同超声乳化参数设置对白内障患者眼内影响的研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(06):985-994. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0608.
LUO Kaijie,ZHONG Su’e.Research Progress on the Influence of Different Parameters of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Tissue of Patients with Cataract[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(06):985-994. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0608.
白内障是全球范围内致盲的重要原因之一。超声乳化术凭借创伤小、恢复快的优势,已成为治疗白内障的主流手术方式。然而,超声乳化术中参数的设置对眼内组织(尤其是角膜内皮和视网膜)的潜在损伤备受关注。本文系统分析了超声乳化术中3个核心参数(超声频率、灌注瓶高、超声能量)对眼内组织的影响机制及其相互作用。高频超声提高了乳化效率并缩短手术时间,但伴随更显著的热效应,尤其当术中结合高能量输出时,会明显加剧角膜内皮细胞的热损伤风险。高瓶高在维持前房稳定的同时,也增加了机械性剪切应力和湍流,对内皮细胞产生额外的物理损伤。低瓶高联合低负压策略虽然能降低内皮细胞的损伤,但可能导致前房稳定性降低,增加术中难度。此外,术中产生的氧化应激和炎症因子,如活性氧自由基(ROS)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白介素-6(IL-6)等在损伤过程中发挥重要作用,特别是在糖尿病和眼底病变患者中更为突出。通过综合分析当前研究成果,本文针对硬核白内障、角膜内皮功能低下、糖尿病和青光眼术后患者,提出参数设置建议表,并明确了现阶段研究的不足,指出数据异质性高、缺乏长期随访以及机制研究不充分等问题。未来需加强个体化参数设置研究、长期随访观察以及实时监测技术的应用,以优化手术策略,提升手术安全性及视觉预后。
Cataract remains a cause of growing blind worldwide, and phacoemulsification is currently the preferred surgical technique due to its minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery. However, the intraoperative parameters setting of phacoemulsification remains crucial due to their potential impact on ocular tissues, particularly the corneal endothelium and retina. This review systematically examines the effects and interactions of these critical parameters during phacoemulsification, including ultrasonic frequency, infusion bottle height, and ultrasound energy. High-frequency ultrasound enhances emulsification efficiency and reduces operation time but significantly increases localized thermal effects, especially when combined with high-energy output, exacerbating the risk of thermal damage to the corneal endothelium. While a high bottle height stabilizes the anterior chamber, it simultaneously elevates mechanical shear stress and turbulence, further damaging endothelial cells. Conversely, low bottle height combined with low vacuum settings protects endothelial cells but may compromise chamber stability, increasing surgical difficulty. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and interleukin(IL)-6, significantly contribute to tissue injury, particularly pronounced in diabetic and ocular fundus disease patients. Based on current evidence, this article provides specific recommendations for parameter settings tailored to patients with hard nuclear cataracts, compromised corneal endothelial function, diabetes, and postoperative glaucoma. Moreover, this review highlights current research limitations, including high heterogeneity in clinical data, insufficient long-term follow-up, and inadequate mechanistic understanding. Future research should prioritize individualized parameter optimization, long-term clinical outcomes evaluation, and real-time intraoperative monitoring techniques, aiming to enhance surgical safety, reduce complications, and improve visual outcomes.
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