1.中山大学中山医学院基础医学实验教学中心,广东 广州 510080
2.中山大学中山医学院法医学系,广东 广州 510080
3.广东省法医学转化医学工程技术研究中心,广东 广州 510080
李洁莹,第一作者,研究方向:形态学、医学实验教学,E-mail:lijy829@mail.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-12,
修回:2026-04-10,
录用:2026-04-27,
纸质出版:2026-05-20
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李洁莹,梁淑君,丁英等.新型环保试剂在病理制片及免疫组化中的应用[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(03):509-517.
LI Jieying,LIANG Shujun,DING Ying,et al.Application of Novel Environmentally Friendly Reagents in Pathological Section Preparation and Immunohistochemistry[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(03):509-517.
李洁莹,梁淑君,丁英等.新型环保试剂在病理制片及免疫组化中的应用[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(03):509-517. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250190.
LI Jieying,LIANG Shujun,DING Ying,et al.Application of Novel Environmentally Friendly Reagents in Pathological Section Preparation and Immunohistochemistry[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(03):509-517. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250190.
目的
2
探讨环保型试剂与传统试剂在组织处理、组织切片、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、特殊染色及免疫组化中的应用效果。
方法
2
选取小鼠及新西兰兔的胰腺、肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、肺、骨骼肌、心脏组织,随机分为传统组(A组)、环保试剂Ⅰ组(B组)、环保试剂Ⅱ组(C组)。对三组组织处理后进行石蜡切片、HE染色、磷钨酸苏木素染色、Mallory三色染色,胰腺组织切片进行免疫组化检测胰岛素蛋白。评估指标包括:组织形态完整性、包埋操作性、切片质量以及染色效果。
结果
2
三组样本在固定效果、包埋操作、切片质量等方面无明显差异。经HE染色后,各组组织核质染色鲜艳、对比清晰,优良率分别为A组98%、B组99%、C组97%,差异无统计学意义(A
vs.
B,
P
=0.561;A
vs
.
C,
P
=0.651)。在磷钨酸苏木素染色中,A组和C组的横纹肌及胶原纤维结构对比清晰、染色鲜艳,B组存在染色不均等问题。优良率分别为A组100%、B组10%、C组95%,A组与B组差异有统计学意义(
P
<0.01),A组与C组差异无统计学意义(
P
=0.311)。在Mallory三色染色中,A组和B组的效果优于C组。优良率分别为A组95%、B组90%、C组1
5%,A组与C组差异有统计学意义(
P
<0.01),A组与B组差异无统计学意义(
P
=0.548)。免疫组化结果显示,A组背景干净,无非特异性染色,B组和C组存在明显的非特异性染色,组间非特异性染色率差异有统计学意义(A
vs.
B,5%
vs.
100%,
P
<0.01; A
vs.
C,5%
vs.
100%,
P
<0.01)。
结论
2
在HE制片中,环保型试剂的组织固定效果良好,HE染色效果与传统试剂的相当,能满足教学的需求。特殊染色中,B组、C组分别在Mallory三色染色、磷钨酸苏木素染色中的表现较佳。但环保型试剂在免疫组化中存在非特异性问题,有待进一步优化。
Objective
2
To explore the application effects of environmentally friendly reagents versus traditional reagents in tissue processing, paraffin sectioning, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, special staining, and immunohistochemistry.
Methods
2
Pancreatic, renal, splenic, hepatic, pulmonary, skeletal muscle, and cardiac tissues were collected from mice and New Zealand rabbits, and randomly divided into a traditional group (Group A), an environmentally friendly reagent I group (Group B), and an environmentally friendly reagent Ⅱ group (Group C). The processed tissue sections from all three groups were subjected to paraffin sections, HE staining, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining, and Mallory trichrome staining. The pancreatic tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical detection of insulin protein. Evaluation criteria included tissue morphological integrity, embedding operability, section quality, and staining effects.
Results
2
No significant differences were observed among the three groups of samples in terms of fixation efficacy, embedding operations, and section quality. After HE staining, all groups exhibited bright nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with clear contrast, with excellent-and-good rates of 98%, 99%, and 97% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively, showing no statistically significant differences (A
vs
. B,
P
=0.561; A
vs.
C,
P
=0.651). In phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining, Groups A and C showed clear structural contrast and bright staining for striated muscle and collagen fibers, whereas Group B exhibited uneven staining. The excellent-and-good rates were 100%, 10%, and 95% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with significant differences between Group A and Group B (
P
<0.01) but no statistical difference between Group A and Group C (
P
=0.311). In Mallory trichrome staining, Groups A and B outperformed Group C. The excellent-and-good rates were 95%, 90%, and 15% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with significant differences between Group A and Group C (
P
<0.01), but no statistical difference between Group A and Group B (
P
=0.548). Immunohistochemical results showed that Group A had a clean background with no non-specific staining, while Groups B and C exhibited significant non-specific staining, with statistically significant differences in non-specific staining rates between the groups (A
vs.
B, 5%
vs.
100%,
P
<0.01; A
vs.
C, 5%
vs.
100%,
P
<0.01).
Conclusion
2
In HE staining, environmentally friendly reagents demonstrated effective tissue fixation and staining results comparable to traditional reagents, meeting the teaching requirements. For special staining, Group B and Group C performed better in Mallory trichrome staining and phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining, respectively. However, environmentally friendly reagents exhibited non-specific staining issues in immunohistochemistry, where further optimization is required.
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