中山大学中山眼科中心眼病防治全国重点实验室//广东省眼科视觉科学重点实验室,广东 广州 510060
杨浩涵,第一作者,研究方向:致盲眼病遗传机制,E-mail:yanghh37@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-02-24,
修回:2026-06-03,
录用:2026-06-07,
网络首发:2026-07-21,
纸质出版:2026-07-20
移动端阅览
杨浩涵,罗淑茜,陈海琪等.光感受器Lss缺失通过线粒体功能障碍与氧化应激导致年龄相关性视网膜退行性病变[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(04):656-669.
YANG Haohan,LUO Shuxi,CHEN Haiqi,et al.Lanosterol Synthase Deficiency in Photoreceptor Leads to Age-related Retinal Degeneration via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(04):656-669.
杨浩涵,罗淑茜,陈海琪等.光感受器Lss缺失通过线粒体功能障碍与氧化应激导致年龄相关性视网膜退行性病变[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(04):656-669. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260032.
YANG Haohan,LUO Shuxi,CHEN Haiqi,et al.Lanosterol Synthase Deficiency in Photoreceptor Leads to Age-related Retinal Degeneration via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(04):656-669. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260032.
目的
2
探讨光感受器特异性敲除羊毛甾醇合成酶(Lss)是否引发年龄相关性视网膜退行性变及其作用机制。
方法
2
构建光感受器特异性
Lss
敲除小鼠(
Lss
flox/flox
;Rho-Cre
,CKO)模型,分别在1、4、8月龄时采用眼底照相、光学相干断层扫描、暗适应视网膜电图(ERG)、HE染色等技术评估视网膜结构与功能;以小鼠视网膜感光细胞系661W为体外模型,通过siRNA敲低
Lss
,结合Seahorse XF线粒体压力测试、JC-1染色、MitoSOX Red、DCFH-DA探针检测线粒体功能及氧化应激,糖酵解速率测试检测糖酵解能力,RT-qPCR检测炎症因子,γH2AX免疫荧光检测双链DNA损伤;转录组测序分析敲低
Lss
后的差异表达基因及富集通路。
结果
2
与对照组相比,1月龄CKO小鼠未见异常;4月龄出现轻微眼底病变;至8月龄CKO小鼠视网膜外核层显著变薄、内/外节结构紊乱,暗适应ERG a波、b波振幅明显降低(
P
<0.05);转录组分析显示,敲低
Lss
后共鉴定出1 842个差异表达基因(上调826个,下调1 016个),其中
Lss
为最显著下调基因,显著富集于甾醇生物合成、氧化磷酸化、有氧呼吸链及线粒体ATP合成等通路(
P
<0.05)。在661W细胞敲低
Lss
后,线粒体基础呼吸(
P
=0.006)、ATP生成(
P
=0.015)、最大呼吸(
P
<0.001)及储备能力(
P<
0.001)均显著下降,基础糖酵解(
P
=0.005)、代偿性糖酵解水平升高(
P
=0.028),同时伴随线粒体膜电位去极化(
P
<0.001),线粒体活性氧(ROS)(
P
<0.001)及总ROS水平升高(
P
=0.013),炎症因子
Ccl2
(
P
=0.004)、
Ccl5
(
P
=0.012)、
Cxcl1
(
P
<0.001)、
Cxcl5
(
P
<0.000 1)、
Tgfb
(
P
=0.008)、
Hgf
(
P
<0.000 1)、
Mmp3
(
P
=0.003)mRNA表达显著上调,γH2AX荧光强度增加(
P
=0.002)。
结论
2
光感受器
Lss
缺失通过导致线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激及炎症反应,导致年龄相关性视网膜退行性变,为遗传性及年龄相关视网膜退行性疾病提供了新的发病机制和潜在干预靶点。
Objective
2
To investigate whether photoreceptor-specific knockout of lanosterol synthase (Lss) induces age-related retinal degeneration and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
2
Photoreceptor-specific
Lss
knockout mice (
Lss
flox/flox
; Rho-Cre
, CKO) models were established. Retinal structure and function were assessed at 1, 4, and 8 months of age using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The mouse photoreceptor cell line 661W served as an in vitro model.
Lss
was knocked down via siRNA, followed by analyses including Seahorse XF mitochondrial stress test, JC-1, MitoSOX Red and DCFH-DA probes to evaluate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, glycolytic rate assay for glycolysis ability, RT-qPCR for inflammatory factors, γH2AX immunofluorescence for double-strand DNA damage detection, and transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways.
Results
2
Compared with controls, 1-month-old CKO mice showed no abnormalities. Mild fundus lesions appeared at 4 months. By 8 months, CKO mice exhibited significant thinning of the outer nuclear layer, disorganization of the inner/outer segment structure, and markedly reduced amplitudes of the dark-adapted ERG a- and b-waves (
P
<
0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed 1 842 differentially expressed genes (826 up-regulated, 1 016 down-regulated), with
Lss
being the most significantly downregulated gene; these genes significantly enriched in sterol biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis (
P
<
0.05). In 661W cells, knockdown of
Lss
significantly reduced mitochondrial basal respiration (
P
=0.006), ATP production (
P
=0.015), maximal respiration (
P
<
0.001), and spare respiratory capacity (
P
<
0.001), while basal glycolysis (
P
=0.005) and compensatory glycolysis (
P
=0.028) were increased. These changes were accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization (
P
<
0.0
01), elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (
P
<
0.001), and increased total ROS levels (
P
=0.013). Additionally, the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, including
Ccl2
(
P
=0.004),
Ccl5
(
P
=0.012),
Cxcl1
(
P
<
0.001),
Cxcl5
(
P
<
0.000 1),
Tgfb
(
P
=0.008),
Hgf
(
P
<
0.000 1) and
Mmp3
(
P
=0.003) was significantly upregulated. Moreover, γH2AX fluorescence intensity was increased (
P
=0.002).
Conclusions
2
Photoreceptor-specific
Lss
deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and cellular inflammation, ultimately leading to age-dependent retinal degeneration. This study provides novel mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for hereditary and age-related retinal degenerative diseases.
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