延安大学延安医学院 延安市微生物药物创新与转化重点实验室,陕西 延安 716000
李毛毛,第一作者,研究方向:慢性退行性视网膜病变的炎症机制,E-mail:limaomao227@163.com
收稿:2026-07-16,
修回:2026-07-29,
录用:2026-10-15,
网络首发:2026-10-27,
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李毛毛, 岳昌武. 慢性炎症在退行性视网膜病变中的作用机制及干预进展[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(医学科学版), 2026,1-12.
LI Maomao, YUE Changwu. Mechanisms and intervention progress of chronic inflammation in degenerative retinopathy[J/OL]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences), 2026, 1-12.
李毛毛, 岳昌武. 慢性炎症在退行性视网膜病变中的作用机制及干预进展[J/OL]. 中山大学学报(医学科学版), 2026,1-12. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260109.
LI Maomao, YUE Changwu. Mechanisms and intervention progress of chronic inflammation in degenerative retinopathy[J/OL]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences), 2026, 1-12. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260109.
退行性视网膜病变(如年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜色素变性等)是全球范围内不可逆性视力损害的主要病因,现有抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗、营养补充及光动力疗法等手段疗效有限,且难以逆转已受损的视功能。近年研究揭示,慢性炎症作为核心驱动因素贯穿于上述病变的发生与发展全过程。然而,当前针对慢性炎症的干预策略仍面临诸多瓶颈:炎症细胞异常活化的调控靶点虽已部分阐明,但多靶点协同干预的临床证据仍显不足;核因子-κB(NF-κB)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等信号通路及补体系统的联合调控策略尚未在临床层面系统建立;此外,血-视网膜屏障严重限制了药物的靶向递送效率,导致临床转化进展缓慢。靶向慢性炎症成为突破退行性视网膜病变治疗困境的重要方向。目前,针对该方向的干预研究涵盖传统抗炎药物(糖皮质激素、非甾体抗炎药)、补体靶向药物、细胞治疗、基因治疗及手术治疗等多种策略,部分药物已进入临床试验阶段。因此,本文就慢性炎症在退行性视网膜病变中的作用机制及干预策略的最新进展进行综述,以期为后续基础研究与临床转化提供参考。
Degenerative retinopathy, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa, represents leading causes of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. Current therapeutic modalities, such as anti- vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) therapy, nutritional supplementation, and photodynamic therapy, offer limited efficacy and fail to reverse established visual loss. Accumulating evidence has established chronic inflammation as a core driving factor throughout the initiation and progression of these diseases. However, multiple barriers persist in the clinical translation of anti-inflammatory strategies. Although some regulatory targets involved in aberrant immune cell activation have been identified, clinical evidence supporting multi-target synergistic interventions remains insufficient. Furthermore, integrated combination strategies targeting nuclear factor (NF)-κB/mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK) signaling pathways and the complement system have yet to be systematically established at the clinical level. The blood-retinal barrier also severely restricts targeted drug delivery, further impeding translational progress. Targeting chronic inflammation has thus emerged as a promising direction to overcome current therapeutic challenges in degenerative retinopathies. Current research in this field encompasses diverse strategies, including conventional anti-inflammatory agents (corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), complement-targeted therapies, cell-based therapies, gene therapy, and surgical interventions, with several candidates having progressed into clinical trials. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanistic understanding and therapeutic targeting of chronic inflammation in degenerative retinopathies, aiming to inform future basic research and clinical translation.
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