1.中山大学医学院生理教研室,广东 深圳 518107
2.广州医科大学附属第二医院疼痛科,广东 广州 510260
3.中山大学附属第一医院麻醉科,广东 广州 510080
刘冰柯,第一作者,研究方向:阿片类药物诱发的镇痛耐受机制,E-mail: liubk5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
肖力,通信作者,副主任医师,研究方向:阿片类药物诱发的痛觉过敏及镇痛耐受的发生机制,E-mail: xiaol38@mail3.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-14,
修回:2026-01-20,
录用:2026-02-09,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
移动端阅览
刘冰柯,崔宇,韩雪等.慢性吗啡诱导HEK293细胞GIRK1和GIRK2膜表达下调[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(02):251-258.
LIU Bingke,CUI Yu,HAN Xue,et al.Chronic Morphine Induces Downregulation of GIRK1 and GIRK2 Membrane Expression in HEK293 Cells[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(02):251-258.
刘冰柯,崔宇,韩雪等.慢性吗啡诱导HEK293细胞GIRK1和GIRK2膜表达下调[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(02):251-258. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250191.
LIU Bingke,CUI Yu,HAN Xue,et al.Chronic Morphine Induces Downregulation of GIRK1 and GIRK2 Membrane Expression in HEK293 Cells[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(02):251-258. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250191.
目的
2
利用人胚胎肾细胞293(HEK293)观察G蛋白门控内向整流钾离子通道(GIRK)亚单位GIRK1和GIRK2在吗啡耐受后的表达和分布变化。
方法
2
使用HEK293细胞转染慢病毒pLV-CMV-GIRK1-T2A-GIRK2-P2A-MOR,构建过表达GIRK1、GIRK2和μ阿片受体(MOR)的稳转HEK293细胞,使用吗啡(1 μmol/L,24 h)处理该稳转细胞,构建吗啡耐受HEK293细胞模型。细胞免疫荧光检测细胞模型中MOR与GIRK1和GIRK2的分布及共定位情况。ELISA检测cAMP含量变化确定建立吗啡耐受HEK293细胞模型。细胞免疫荧光和免疫印迹法检测吗啡耐受后GIRK1和GIRK2的分布及蛋白水平变化。多功能酶标仪测量荧光强度检测吗啡耐受后细胞膜电位水平变化。
结果
2
在稳转HEK293细胞中,免疫荧光化学显示GIRK1和GIRK2主要在胞膜上表达,少量在胞浆中,GIRK1和GIRK2与MOR共定位,且GIRK1和GIRK2共定位。与对照组相比,吗啡处理1 h组cAMP显著降低(1.42±0.07
vs
.0.72±0.12,
P
=0.001 0),吗啡处理24 h组cAMP出现显著升高(0.72±0.12
vs
.1.98±0.17,
P
=0.000 5)。荧光双染显示吗啡处理24 h后,吗啡耐受组胞浆中GIRK1(13.76±7.67
vs
.63.72±16.02,
P
<0.000 1)和GIRK2(7.16±2.61
vs
.32.92±7.67,
P
=0.002 9)显著增加。免疫印迹法显示吗啡耐受后膜蛋白GIRK1(1.11±0.14
vs
.0.85±0.01,
P
=0.004 5)和GIRK2(1.32±0.02
vs
.0.86±0.08,
P
=0.000 1)的表达显著下调。膜电位检测显示,吗啡耐受细胞的超极化反应显著减弱(-15.53±0.12)%
vs
.(-8.17±0.11)%,
P
<0.000 1。
结论
2
慢性吗啡处理能够诱导稳转HEK293细胞膜GIRK1和GIRK2表达下调。
Objective
2
To investigate the expression and distribution changes of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel subunits GIRK1 and GIRK2 following morphine tolerance using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells.
Methods
2
HEK293 cells were transfected with the lentiviral vector pLV-CMV-GIRK1-T2A-GIRK2-P2A-MOR to establish a stable cell line overexpressing GIRK1, GIRK2, and the μ-opioid receptor (MOR).Morphine (1 μmol/L, 24 h) was applied to these stable cells to construct a morphine-tolerant HEK293 cell model.Cellular immunofluorescence was used to examine the distribution and co-localization of MOR with GIRK1 and GIRK2.ELISA was performed to measure cAMP levels to confirm the establishment of the morphine-tolerant model.Cellular immunofluorescence and Western blot were employed to analyze the distribution and protein expression changes of GIRK1 and GIRK2 after morphine tolerance.A multimode microplate reader was used to measure fluorescence intensity for detecting changes in cellular membrane potential following morphine tolerance.
Results
2
In the stable HEK293 cells, immunohistochemistry showed that GIRK1 and GIRK2 were primarily expressed on the plasma membrane, with minimal presence in the cytoplasm.Both GIRK1 and GIRK2 co-localized with MOR and with each other.Compared with the control group, cAMP levels significantly decreased after 1 h of morphine treatment (1.42±0.07
vs
.0.72±0.12,
P
=0.001 0), while they significantly increased after 24 h of treatment (0.72±0.12
vs
.1.98±0.17,
P
=0.000 5).Fluorescence double staining revealed that after 24 h of morphine treatment, the morphine-tolerant group showed a significant increase in cytoplasmic GIRK1 (13.76±7.67
vs
.63.72±16.02,
P
<0.000 1) and GIRK2 (7.16±2.61
vs
.32.92±7.67,
P
=0.002 9).Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of membrane proteins GIRK1 (1.11±0.14
vs
.0.85±0.01,
P
=0.004 5) and GIRK2 (1.32±0.02
vs.
0.86±0.08,
P
=0.000 1) was significantly downregulated after morphine tolerance.Membrane potential measurements showed that the hyperpolarization response in morphine-tolerant cells was significantly attenuated (-15.53±0.12) %
vs.
(-8.17±0.11) %,
P
<0.000 1.
Conclusion
2
Chronic morphine treatment can induce downregulation of GIRK1 and GIRK2 expression on the plasma membrane in stable HEK293 cells.
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