广东医科大学基础医学院,广东 东莞 523808
罗瑶,第一作者,研究方向:神经退行性疾病,E-mail: 13826823158@163.com
收稿:2026-07-13,
修回:2026-09-10,
录用:2026-09-14,
纸质出版:2026-09-20
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罗瑶,蒋梅.铁死亡在神经退行性疾病发病机理中的研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(05):809-819.
LUO Yao,JIANG Mei.Research Progress on Ferroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(05):809-819.
罗瑶,蒋梅.铁死亡在神经退行性疾病发病机理中的研究进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(05):809-819. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260106.
LUO Yao,JIANG Mei.Research Progress on Ferroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(05):809-819. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260106.
受人口老龄化趋势影响,阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、亨廷顿病(HD)及肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)等神经退行性疾病发病人数持续上升。这些疾病发病机制复杂,目前临床仍缺少针对性治疗手段。铁死亡作为一种由铁依赖性脂质过氧化驱动的新型程序性细胞死亡方式,广泛参与上述疾病的发生与演变。在病理状态下,铁代谢紊乱与活性氧(ROS)累积均可诱发铁死亡,其中铁过载可通过芬顿反应加剧氧化损伤,破坏谷胱甘肽(GSH)抗氧化防御系统,导致多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)发生严重过氧化,最终造成神经元损伤。此外,铁死亡还与氧化应激、神经炎症、异常蛋白聚集及凋亡等病理过程相互作用,加速病情进展。综合现有研究来看,铁稳态失衡、脂质过氧化增强、GSH耗竭及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4(GPX4)防御受损是上述神经退行性疾病中铁死亡发生的共同基础;同时,铁死亡在上述疾病中也会结合各自的致病蛋白和调控通路,表现出一定的疾病特异性。基于此,本文整理了铁死亡的分子调控机制,梳理了其在AD、PD、HD及ALS中的研究进展,并总结了不同疾病间的共性机制及差异化调控通路,旨在为疾病机制探究与新药研发提供参考。
Driven by the global trend of population aging, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), has been rising consistently. The pathogenic mechanisms of these disorders are complex, and effective disease-modifying therapies remain an unmet clinical need. Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death modality driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been widely implicated in the occurrence and evolution of the aforementioned conditions. Under pathological states, both perturbed iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation can precipitate ferroptosis. Specifically, iron overload exacerbates oxidative injury via the Fenton reaction, disrupts the glutathione (GSH)-based antioxidant defense system, and induces extensive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ultimately culminating in neuronal damage. Furthermore, ferroptosis interacts synergistically with other pathological hallmarks, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, aberrant protein aggregation, and apoptosis, thereby accelerating disease progression. A synthesis of current evidence indicates that disrupted iron homeostasis, enhanced lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and impaired glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity constitute the common basis for ferroptosis in these neurodegenerative diseases. Concurrently, ferroptosis also displays certain disease‑specific characteristics by engaging distinct pathogenic proteins and regulatory pathways in each disorder. In this review, we delineate the molecular regulatory framework of ferroptosis, summarize its research progress in AD, PD, HD, and ALS, and highlight both shared mechanisms and divergent regulatory pathways across these diseases, with the goal of informing future investigations into disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel strategies.
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