1.中山大学附属第一医院麻醉科,广东 广州 510080
2.中山大学药学院临床药理研究所,广东 广州 510006
黄炫薇,第一作者,研究方向:临床麻醉学、围术期医学、麻醉药理学,E-mail:huangxw73@mail.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-07-31,
修回:2026-08-22,
录用:2026-08-31,
纸质出版:2026-09-20
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黄炫薇,顾庆玲,叶芳等.妇科与普外科女性患者术后寒战发生率比较及相关因素[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(05):913-922.
HUANG Xuanwei,GU Qingling,YE Fang,et al.Comparison of Postoperative Shivering Incidence and Associated Factors in Female Patients Undergoing Gynecological or General Surgery[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(05):913-922.
黄炫薇,顾庆玲,叶芳等.妇科与普外科女性患者术后寒战发生率比较及相关因素[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(05):913-922. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260115.
HUANG Xuanwei,GU Qingling,YE Fang,et al.Comparison of Postoperative Shivering Incidence and Associated Factors in Female Patients Undergoing Gynecological or General Surgery[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(05):913-922. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20260115.
目的
2
比较接受妇科手术与普外科手术女性患者术后寒战的发生率,并分析术后寒战的围术期相关因素
。
方法
2
本研究回顾性纳入2022年1月1日至2024年3月15日接受妇科或普外科手术的患者共12 186例,其中10 884例女性患者作为主要分析人群,并以麻醉后恢复室记录的术后寒战为主要结局。在女性患者中采用1∶1最邻近匹配法进行倾向性评分匹配,卡钳值设为0.02(倾向性评分原始尺度),并对美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级进行精确匹配。匹配后采用McNemar检验比较两组术后寒战发生率;采用以匹配对为分层变量的条件Logistic回归,分析手术类型及围术期因素与术后寒战的关联。
结果
2
倾向性评分匹配前,普外科组与妇科组女性患者术后寒战发生率分别为2.98%(28/940)和4.94%(491/9 944),差异有统计学意义(
P
=0.007)。匹配后共获得881对患者,所有协变量的绝对标准化差异(SMD)均<0.10。普外科组与妇科组术后寒战发生率分别为3.06%(27/881)和4.99%(44/881);无连续性校正的McNemar检验结果为
P
=0.044,精确McNemar检验结果为
P
=0.057。单因素条件Logistic回归显示,与普外科手术相比,妇科手术患者术后寒战发生的比值较高[比值比(OR)=1.63,95%置信区间(CI):1.01~2.63,
P
=0.046];但进一步的多因素分析显示,妇科手术与术后寒战的关联无统计学意义[调整后比值比(aOR)=1.62,95%CI:0.78~3.37,
P
=0.197]。手术时间每延长30 min,术后寒战发生的比值增加32%(aOR=1.32,95%CI:1.07~1.62,
P
=0.009)。术中最低体温每升高1 ℃,术后寒战发生的比值呈降低趋势,但该关联未达到统计学意义(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.10~1.02,
P
=0.053)。
结论
2
倾向性评分匹配后,妇科组女性患者术后寒战发生率高于普外科组,但该关联在精确检验及多因素调整后均未达到统计学意义。手术时间延长与术后寒战发生的比值升高相关;术中最低体温升高可能与术后寒战发生的比值降低有关。
Objective
2
To compare the incidence of postoperative shivering between female patients undergoing gynecological and general surgery and to examine perioperative factors associated with postoperative shivering.
Methods
2
This retrospective study included 12 186 patients who underwent gynecological or general surgery between January 1, 2022, and March 15, 2024, of whom 10 884 female patients constituted the primary analysis population. Among the female patients, 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching was performed using a caliper of 0.02 on the raw propensity score scale, with exact matching on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status. After matching, the incidence of postoperative shivering was compared using the McNemar test. Conditional logistic regression stratified by matched pair was used to assess the associations of surgical categories and perioperative factors with postoperative shivering.
Results
2
Before propensity score matching, the incidences of postoperative shivering were 2.98% (28/940) in the general surgery group and 4.94% (491/9 944) in the gynecological surgery group (
P=
0.007). After matching, 881 matched pairs were obtained, and the absolute standardized mean differences (SMDs) for all covariates were
<
0.10. The incidences of postoperative shivering were 3.06% (27/881) in the general surgery group and 4.99% (44/881) in the gynecological surgery group. The McNemar test without continuity correction yielded
P
=0.044, whereas the exact McNemar test showed a
P
value of 0.057. Unifactorial conditional logistic regression showed that gynecological surgery was associated with higher odds of postoperative shivering than general surgery [odds ratio (OR)=1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.63,
P=
0.046]. However, the association was not statistically significant in the multifactorial conditional logistic regression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.62, 95%CI: 0.78-3.37,
P
=0.197]. Each 30-min increase in the duration of surgery was associated with 32% higher odds of postoperative shivering (aOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.07-1.62,
P=
0.009). Each 1 °C increase in the minimum intraoperative body temperature was associated with lower odds of postoperative shivering, although the association did not reach statistical significance (aOR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.10-1.02,
P=
0.053).
Conclusion
2
After propensity score matching, the incidence of postoperative shivering was higher among female patients undergoing gynecological surgery than among those undergoing general surgery; however, neither the exact comparison nor the adjusted association reached statistical significance. A longer duration of surgery was associated with higher odds of postoperative shivering, whereas a higher minimum intraoperative body temperature may be associated with lower odds.
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