西南医科大学附属中医医院骨科,四川 泸州 646000
陈波,第一作者,研究方向:骨肿瘤的临床及基础研究,E-mail: spinecb@163.com
收稿:2025-09-04,
修回:2025-12-27,
录用:2025-12-31,
纸质出版:2026-01-20
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陈波,瞿霞.癌症骨转移免疫微环境的研究进展与治疗新策略[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):95-105.
CHEN Bo,QU Xia.Advances and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Immune Microenvironment of Cancer Bone Metastasis[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):95-105.
陈波,瞿霞.癌症骨转移免疫微环境的研究进展与治疗新策略[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):95-105. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250121.
CHEN Bo,QU Xia.Advances and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Immune Microenvironment of Cancer Bone Metastasis[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):95-105. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250121.
癌症骨转移是乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌等多种晚期实体瘤常见的致死性并发症,严重影响患者生活质量与生存预后。其骨转移微环境(BME)呈现高度异质性与显著的免疫抑制特性,这不仅是肿瘤得以在骨骼定植与生长的土壤,更是导致常规放化疗、激素治疗及免疫检查点抑制剂等疗法响应不佳的关键原因。本综述系统性地梳理并阐述了BME中关键细胞组分的构成与功能重塑,包括髓系细胞从免疫监视者向促瘤“帮凶”的转变,T淋巴细胞(特别是CD8
+
T细胞)的功能耗竭与调节性T细胞的免疫抑制,以及破骨细胞、骨细胞、成骨细胞等骨常驻细胞在肿瘤影响下的病理重编程。文章重点剖析了这些细胞之间错综复杂的相互作用网络,并揭示了DKK1/CHI3L3、骨桥蛋白、TIGIT/PD-1等关键信号轴在介导CD8
+
T细胞功能抑制、导致局部及全身性免疫逃逸中的核心作用。在此基础上,本文全面总结了针对这一复杂微环境的新兴治疗策略,主要包括:靶向特定免疫细胞亚群以逆转免疫抑制、联合多种免疫检查点阻断、干预骨常驻细胞的病理行为,以及基于纳米技术的骨靶向药物递送系统与工程化细胞疗法等前沿技术平台。本文旨在通过系统梳理当前研究进展,为深入理解癌症骨转移的免疫学机制及开发高效、精准的治疗方案提供坚实的理论依据与前瞻性的方向指引。
Cancer bone metastasis is a common and lethal complication of advanced solid tumors including breast, prostate, and lung cancers, severely impacting patients’ quality of life and survival outcomes. The bone metastasis microenvironment (BME) is characterized by high heterogeneity and profound immunosuppression, which serves as a fertile soil for tumor colonization and growth, and is a key reason for the poor response to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review systematically elaborates on the composition and functional remodeling of key cellular components within the BME, including the transformation of myeloid cells from immune surveillance cells to tumor-promoting “accomplices”, the functional exhaustion of T lymphocytes (especially CD8
+
T cells) and the immunosuppression
mediated by regulatory T cells, as well as the pathological reprogramming of bone-resident cells such as osteoclasts, osteocytes, and osteoblasts under the influence of tumor cells. The review highlights the intricate interaction networks among these cells and unveils the pivotal roles of key signaling axes, DKK1/CHI3L3, osteopontin, and TIGIT/PD-1, in mediating CD8
+
T cell dysfunction and facilitating local and systemic immune evasion. Based on this, this article comprehensively summarizes the emerging therapeutic strategies for this complex microenvironment, mainly including: targeting specific subsets of immune cells to reverse immunosuppression, combining multiple immune checkpoint blockades, intervening in the pathological behaviors of bone resident cells, as well as cutting-edge technical platforms such as bone-targeted drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and engineered cell therapies. By systematically synthesizing current research advances, this review aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation and forward-looking directions for deepening the understanding of the immunology of cancer bone metastasis and developing effective and precise treatment strategies.
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