1.湖南省人民医院//湖南师范大学附属第一医院病理科,湖南 长沙 410001
2.桂林市人民医院病理科,广西 桂林 541002
3.湖南师范大学医学部,湖南 长沙 410013
杨飞城,第一作者,研究方向:肿瘤基因组学、肿瘤靶向研究,E-mail:sarah_yang@hunnu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-11-04,
修回:2025-12-16,
录用:2025-12-22,
纸质出版:2026-01-20
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杨飞城,蒋丽霞,刘若冰等.高通量测序解析肿瘤患者MET突变谱及靶向用药免疫组化筛查的价值[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):172-181.
YANG Feicheng,JIANG Lixia,LIU Ruobing,et al.High-throughput Sequencing of MET Mutational Landscape in Cancer Patients and the Value of IHC Screening for Targeted Therapy[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):172-181.
杨飞城,蒋丽霞,刘若冰等.高通量测序解析肿瘤患者MET突变谱及靶向用药免疫组化筛查的价值[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2026,47(01):172-181. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250161.
YANG Feicheng,JIANG Lixia,LIU Ruobing,et al.High-throughput Sequencing of MET Mutational Landscape in Cancer Patients and the Value of IHC Screening for Targeted Therapy[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2026,47(01):172-181. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.med.YX20250161.
目的
2
研究
MET
基因在肿瘤患者中的突变状态,重点分析其在肺癌组织中的表达情况及对患者预后的影响,为肿瘤的精准诊疗提供理论依据和潜在靶点。
方法
2
收集2021年1月至2025年9月期间的1 627例肿瘤患者样本,运用高通量测序技术对筛选出的137例存在MET突变的肿瘤患者进行DNA水平的基因检测。分析突变位点在外显子和内含子的分布情况,以及MET基因扩增和基因融合的发生频率,重点关注各外显子的突变频率及高频变异类型。采用免疫组化方法,对137例患者肿瘤组织中的c-MET蛋白表达水平进行染色分析,针对9例MET基因14号外显子跳跃突变患者的肿瘤组织进行免疫组化分析,以研究c-MET蛋白表达与该特定突变类型之间的关联。利用GEPIA2数据库和TCGA数据库中肺癌的RNA测序结果、免疫组化染色数据及随访预后等信息进行综合分析,探讨MET基因在肿瘤组织中的表达与患者预后之间的潜在联系。
结果
2
在1 627例肿瘤患者中共筛选出137例
MET
突变患者,男性93例,平均年龄(66.85±9.61)岁,女性44例,平均年龄(59.43±11.08)岁。肿瘤类型以肺癌居多(117例)。
MET
基因在乳腺癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤等肿瘤中表达低于正常组织,在肺癌、肠癌中则相反。生存分析显示,肺腺癌中
MET
基因高表达患者整体生存时间低于低表达患者。利用二代测序共检测到961条突变信息,其中外显子突变547条,内含子突变374条,
MET
基因扩增13例,基因融合27例。2号外显子突变频率最高,其次为5号、4号、19号外显子等。高频变异类型包括exon4
上的c.2890C
>
A(p.L964M)、exon5上的c.3028G
>
T(p.D1010Y)等。c-MET蛋白表达与基因突变类型相关,错义突变多使c-MET蛋白呈阳性或强阳性表达,无义突变则多表现为c-MET蛋白表达较弱或缺失。在9例
MET
基因14号外显子跳跃突变患者中,c-MET蛋白表达评分多为0~1分,仅1例为2分。117例肺癌患者中,男性发病率高于女性,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者多于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期。41例患者选择手术+靶向药物(谷美替尼、赛沃替尼)治疗,随访发现8例复发或转移。
结论
2
MET
基因突变在不同肿瘤类型中呈现出特异性的突变特征,其表达水平在多种肿瘤组织与正常组织间存在显著差异,并且与肺腺癌患者的不良预后密切相关。c-MET蛋白表达与
MET
基因突变类型紧密相关,尤其在
MET
基因14号外显子跳跃突变患者中呈现出特征性表达模式,这为临床利用免疫组化进行初步筛选提供了重要依据。
Objective
2
To investigate the mutation status of the
MET
gene in tumor patients, with a focus on its expression in lung cancer tissues and its impact on patient prognosis, providing theoretical basis and potential targets for precise diagnosis and treatment of the tumors.
Methods
2
A total of 1,627 tumor patient samples were collected from January 2021 to September 2025. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to conduct DNA-level gene detection on 137 tumor patients with
MET
mutations. The distribution of mutation sites in exons and introns, as well as the occurrence frequencies of
MET
gene amplification and gene fusion were analyzed, with particular attention paid to the mutation frequencies of each exon and the high-frequency variant types. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression levels of c-MET protein in tumor tissues of the 137 patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on tumor tissues of 9 patients with
MET
gene exon 14 skipping mutations to study the association between c-MET protein expression and this specific mutation type. RNA sequencing results, immunohistochemical staining data, and follow-up prognosis of lung cancer from the GEPIA2 database and TCGA database were comprehensively analyzed to explore the potential relationship between
MET
gene expression in t
umor tissues and patient prognosis.
Results
2
Among 1,627 tumor patients, 137
MET
mutation patients were detected, including 93 males with an average age of (66.85±9.61) years and 44 females with an average age of (59.43±11.08) years. Lung cancer was the most common tumor type (117 cases).
MET
gene expression was lower in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme, but higher in lung cancer and colorectal cancer as compared with the expression in normal tissues. Survival analysis showed that patients with high
MET
gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma had a shorter overall survival time than those with low expression. A total of 961 mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing, including 547 exon mutations and 374 intron mutations.
MET
gene amplification was found in 13 cases and gene fusion in 27 cases. The highest mutation frequency was in exon 2, followed by exon 5, exon 4, and exon 19. High-frequency variant types included c.2890C
>
A (p.L964M) on exon 4 and c.3028G
>
T (p.D1010Y) on exon 5. The c-MET protein expression was closely related to the type of gene mutation. Missense mutations often led to positive or strongly positive c-MET protein expression, while nonsense mutations often resulted in weak or absent c-MET protein expression. Among the 9 patients with
MET
gene exon 14 skipping mutations, the c-MET protein expression score was mostly 0 - 1, with only 1 case scoring 2. Among the 117 lung cancer patients, the incidence rate was higher in males than in females, and more common among stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients than among stage I-Ⅱ patients. Out of the 41 patients treated with surgery + targeted drugs (gutemitinib, savolitinib), 8 cases of recurrence or metastasis were found during follow-up.
Conclusion
2
MET
gene mutations exhibit specific mutation characteristics in different tumor types, and its expression levels show significant difference
s between various tumor tissues and normal tissues. It is closely related to the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that c-MET protein expression is closely related to the type of
MET
gene mutation, especially in patients with
MET
gene exon 14 skipping mutations, which presents a characteristic expression pattern. This provides an important basis for the preliminary screening using immunohistochemistry in clinical practice.
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