中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院全科医学科,广东 广州 510120
胡星云,第一作者,研究方向:全科未分化疾病,E-mail:huxy68@mail.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-04,
修回:2025-08-21,
录用:2025-09-15,
纸质出版:2025-09-20
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胡星云,金小岩,阳盼等.肺外罕见肝结核的临床特征分析[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(05):872-880.
HU Xingyun,JIN Xiaoyan,YANG Pan,et al.Clinical Characteristics of Rare Extrapulmonary Hepatic Tuberculosis[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(05):872-880.
胡星云,金小岩,阳盼等.肺外罕见肝结核的临床特征分析[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(05):872-880. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0517.
HU Xingyun,JIN Xiaoyan,YANG Pan,et al.Clinical Characteristics of Rare Extrapulmonary Hepatic Tuberculosis[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(05):872-880. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0517.
目的
2
肝结核是一种极为罕见、表现多样的肺外结核,极易与肝癌、淋巴瘤、肝脓肿等混淆,临床漏诊、误诊率居高不下。本研究旨在通过系统剖析肝结核患者的病例资料,为临床医生早期识别、精准诊断与及时干预提供循证依据。
方法
2
回顾性收集2012年1月至2023年12月期间于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院确诊的所有肝结核患者,采集并分析其人口学特征、临床症状、实验室检查结果、影像学检查表现以及病理学诊断资料。
结果
2
共纳入10例患者,男9例、女1例,平均年龄(44.6±15.5)岁。最常见的临床症状为腹痛或腹胀(8/10)。2例结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)试验阳性(2/6),1例血清结核抗体阳性(1/5),3例结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT)阳性(3/5)。胸部影像检查9例中,仅1例表现为浸润性粟粒性肺结核,5例呈非活动性结核灶;其余未见明显异常。肝脏CT(6例)示低密度斑片或结节影,增强后无强化或轻度不均匀强化;MRI(3例)病灶呈类圆形/梭形异常信号,T1加权成像(T1WI)低信号、T2加权成像(T2WI)及弥散加权成像(DWI)稍高信号,边界较清。10例中8例接受经皮或手术肝活检,病理均呈慢性肉芽肿性炎,其中2例抗酸染色找到结核分枝杆菌。
结论
2
肝结核缺乏特异性临床表现与影像征象,常规实验室检测敏感性有限,其诊断效率依赖于临床医生对于伴有发热、腹痛、消瘦的肝结节患者的高度警惕,及早完善病原学检查及病理活检明确诊断,以降低漏诊与误诊,实现早诊早治。
Objective
2
Hepatic tuberculosis (HTB), an exceptionally rare and clinically heterogeneous form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is frequently misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, or pyogenic liver abscess, this diagnostic challenge contributing to persistently high rates of missed and incorrect diagnoses. This study aims to systematically analyze clinical profiles of HTB patients to provide evidence-based guidance for early identification, accurate diagnosis, and timely intervention.
Methods
2
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all HTB cases confirmed at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between January 2012 and December 2023. Comprehensive data were collected and evaluated, including demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, imaging features, and histopathological results.
Results
2
Ten patients (9 males, 1 female; mean age 44.6±15.5 years) were enrolled totally, with prevalent symptom of abdominal pain or distension (8/10). Among the patients tested, purified protein derivative (PPD) was positive in 2 of 6 cases, serum tuberculosis antibody was positive in 1 of 5, and T-cell spot of tuberculosis (T-SPOT) was positive in 3 of 5. Chest imaging (
n
=9) revealed active miliary tuberculosis in 1 case and inactive post-tuberculous sequelae in 5 cases, while the remainder showed no abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced CT (
n
=6) demonstrated hypodense patchy or nodular lesions with absent or mild heterogeneous enhancement. MRI (
n
=3) showed well-circumscribed oval/round hypointense lesions on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and mildly hyperintense ones on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Percutaneous or surgical liver biopsy was performed in 8/10 cases, revealing chronic granulomatous inflammation in all subjects and acid-fast bacilli in 2 specimens.
Conclusion
2
HTB lacks pathognomonic clinical or radiological features, and conventional laboratory tests exhibit low sensitivity. A high index of suspicion is warranted for patients presenting with hepatic nodular lesions accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, or emaciation. Early pathogen detection and histopathological confirmation via liver biopsy are critical to minimize diagnostic delays and ensure prompt initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy.
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